Paleozoic gneissic granitoids are an important lithologic component of the Shoo Fly Complex of the central Sierra Nevada, California. Field relations, petrographic, and geochemical studies indicate that the gneisses were originally intruded as a seri.es of plutons ranging from gabbro (oldest) to granite and granodiorite (median age) to syenite (youngest) with the granitoid types predominating. ...

Pillow lava rims from the Mesoarchean Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa contain micrometer-scale mineralized tubes that provide evidence of submarine microbial activity during the early history of Earth. The tubes formed during microbial etching of glass along fractures, as seen in pillow lavas from recent oceanic crust. The margins of the tubes contain organic carbon, and many of the p...

miocene silisiclastic sediments in binalood zone consist of three lithofacies group including gravelly (gmm, gcm, gci, gh, gt, gp), sandy (st, sm, sh, sp, ss, sl) and muddy (fm, fl). gravelly lithofacies are generally massive and mainly consist of volcanic and sedimentary lithic in different size. sandy lithofacies are composed of litharenite and feldespathic volcanicarenite and rock fragments ...

In this work, we aim to identify the mineralization areas for the next exploration phases. Thus, the probabilistic clustering algorithms due to the use of appropriate measures, the possibility of working with datasets with missing values, and the lack of trapping in local optimal are used to determine the multi-element geochemical anomalies. Four probabilistic clustering algorithms, namely PHC,...

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for furthe...

The Pacific margin of East Antarctica records a long tectonic history of crustal growth and breakup, culminating in the early Paleozoic Ross Orogeny associated with Gondwanaland amalgamation. Periods of older tectonism have been proposed (e.g. Precambrian Nimrod and Beardmore Orogenies), but the veracity of these events is difficult to document because of poor petrologic preservation, geochrono...