in this research we used heavy propylene tetramer (hpt) and a1c13 —bf3 (lewis acids) ascatalyst and ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol as co-catalyst. using lewis acids as catalyst, thehpts form molecules with higher molecular weight. since the raw materials of the reaction are byproducts of other reactions, are not pure and contain various compounds with different m.w andalso different chemical...

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to investigate the interactions of a variety of hydroxylated cryosolvents (glycerol, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol), methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in aqueous solution with a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer in its fluid phase at 323K. Each cryosolvent induced lateral expansion of the membrane leadi...

We here present a statistical model of hydrogen bond induced network structures in liquid alcohols. The model generalises the Andersson-Schulz-Flory chain model to allow also for branched structures. Two bonding probabilities are assigned to each hydroxyl group oxygen, where the first is the probability of a lone pair accepting an H-bond and the second is the probability that given this bond al...

We have already shown that the in-vacuum gas-phase Meerwein reaction of (thio)acylium ions is general in nature and useful for class-selective screening of cyclic (thio)epoxides. Herein we report that this gas-phase reaction can also be performed efficiently at atmospheric pressure under both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) conditions. This alte...

Copper manganese oxide spinels and related (multiphase) materials with the formula CuxMn3−xO4 are active catalysts in a wide variety of industrially important processes due to their great diversity phase relations, metal ion valence/site distribution, chemical properties. In this review, we summarize preparation methods effects on composition, properties, catalytic properties various Cu/Mn rati...