An 18-year-old man presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules over the anteromedial aspect of his right lower arm. Based on findings of sonography, histopathology, circulating filarial antigen test, and therapeutic response to diethylcarbazine, a diagnosis of filarial lymphadenopathy affecting mid-arm nodes and epitrochlear lymph nodes was made.

Filarial involvement of breast is a rare entity. Here is an unusual case of an old lady with right breast lump with axillary lymphadenopathy mimicking breast carcinoma, cytologically diagnosed as filarial mastitis. The patient subsequently received antihelmenthic therapy and showed marked clinical response within few weeks.

Chronic lymphatic filarial (LF) infection is associated with suppression of parasite-specific T cell responses that persist even following elimination of infection. While several mechanisms have been implicated in mediating this T cell specific downregulation, a role for alterations in the homeostasis of T effector and memory cell populations has not been explored. Using multiparameter flow cyt...

accidental infection with animal filarial worms in humans is a dilemma for clinicians and parasitolo­gists throughout the world. to date a variety of such rare parasitoses have been reported mostly in tropics and subtropics. human dirofilariasis is among those unusual zoonotic infections that occasionally have been observed in the eye and in subcutaneous areas exhibiting with nodule for­mation....

Parasitic nematodes have evolved powerful immunomodulatory molecules to enable their survival in immunocompetent hosts by subverting immune responses and minimizing pathological processes. One filarial molecule known to counteract host immune responses by inducing IL-10 and regulatory macrophages in mice is filarial cystatin. During a patent filarial infection monocytes encounter microfilariae ...

BACKGROUND Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is known to be associated with an increased production of IL-10. The role of the other IL-10 family members in the pathogenesis of infection and/or disease is not known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined the expression patterns of IL-10 family members--IL-19, IL-24 and IL-26 in LF. We demonstrate that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells express IL-19, IL-2...

from human lymphatic filarial parasites.

Thu periodicity of the fever in infections with \ \ Filaria bancrofti in this country is not strictly periodic or regular. The parturition cycles of different adult female worms may fail to be simultaneous, whilst some parturition cycles may fail to produce fever or other symptoms. Every attack does not always mean fever, nor is every filarial attack of fever followed by lymphatic manifestation...