The development of reliable processes for the synthesis of Nanoparticles is an important aspect of nanotechnology. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles could have innumerable applications in different areas such as reception, catalyzers, biolabellers, etc. In the present review, we emphasize the richness of the microbial world which encompasses a plethora of endophytic entities as an emerging...

because of the importance of microbial metabolites of cholesterol as precursors in the synthesis of steroidal drugs, we decided to study the ability of arthrobacter simplex to degrade cholesterol. arthrobacter simplex cleaves the side chain of cholesterol in the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl and produces 4-androstene-3,17- dione (ad) and androsta- 1,4-diene-3,17-dione(add). two other intermed...

Radioactive sodium sulfide was used to label the sulfide pool of rumen contents in vitro. Microbial protein synthesis was calculated from the size and rate of dilution of label in the sulfide pool, and from the radioactivity incorporated into protein together with a conversion factor specifying the nitrogen-sulfur ratio determined for microbial protein. The microbial cell yield, calculated on t...

1. Historical Background 2. Enzyme Classification 3. Enzyme Production 3.1. Microbial Production Strains 3.2. Enzyme Production by Microbial Fermentation 4. Protein Engineering 5. Enzyme Technology 6. Large-Scale Enzyme Applications 6.1. Detergents 6.2. Starch Hydrolysis and Fructose Production 6.3. Drinks 6.4. Textiles 6.5. Animal Feed 6.6. Baking 6.7. Pulp and Paper 6.8. Leather 7. Specialty ...

Isotopic tracer experiments were conducted in vitro to determine contribution of protozoa toward the biosynthesis of lysine in the rumen microbial ecosystem. The presence of protozoa in a rumen microbial suspension always increased lysine synthesis from aspartate. Rumen contents from a faunated goat produced a higher amount of lysine than did those from a defaunated one.

Mixed model analysis of data from 32 studies (122 diets) was used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the omasal sampling technique for quantifying ruminal-N metabolism and to assess the relationships between nonammonia-N flow at the omasal canal and milk protein yield. Data were derived from experiments in cattle fed North American diets (n=36) based on alfalfa silage, corn silage, and c...

Three Holstein heifers and one nonlactating cow, fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the effects of degree of fat saturation on ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestion and microbial protein synthesis and to determine whether changes in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were related to protozoal populations in the rum...

The role of intestinal microflora in digestive and metabolic processes has received increasing attention from researchers and clinicians. Both enterocytes and small intestine luminal microorganisms can degrade peptides and amino acids (AA). Further, enterocytes can utilize ammonia via glutamate, glutamine, citrulline, and urea synthesis, whereas luminal microbes will deaminate AA, hydrolyze lum...