We introduce a nonequilibrium density-functional theory of local temperature and associated local energy density that is suited for the study of thermoelectric phenomena. The theory rests on a local temperature field coupled to the energy-density operator. We identify the excess-energy density, in addition to the particle density, as the basic variable, which is reproduced by an effective nonin...

The health of tens of millions of people world-wide is at risk from drinking arsenic-contaminated well water. In most cases this arsenic occurs naturally within the sub-surface aquifers, rather than being derived from identifiable point sources of pollution. The mobilization of arsenic into the aqueous phase is the first crucial step in a process that eventually leads to human arsenicosis. Incr...

Background Validation and qualification activities are nowadays an integral part of the day by day routine work in a radiopharmacy. This document is meant as an Appendix of Part B of the EANM "Guidelines on Good Radiopharmacy Practice (GRPP)" issued by the Radiopharmacy Committee of the EANM, covering the qualification and validation aspects related to the small-scale "in house" preparation of ...

The qualification of biomarkers of drug safety requires data on many compounds and nonclinical and clinical studies. The cost and effort associated with these qualifications cannot be easily covered by a single pharmaceutical company. Intellectual property associated with safety biomarkers is also held by many different companies. Consortia between different pharmaceutical companies can overcom...

BACKGROUND Knowledge about UK doctors' career intentions and pathways is essential for understanding future workforce requirements. The aim of this study was to report career choices for and career progression in anaesthesia in the UK. METHODS Postal questionnaire surveys were undertaken of qualifiers from all UK medical schools in nine qualification years since 1974. RESULTS 74% (24623/334...

Any approach to qualification of advanced technologies during product development must include an assessment of variation expected in product life over the life cycle. However, testing product design options in development, to approach an optimal design, is costly and time consuming. Hence, simulation of product life distributions for virtual qualification, can be a valuable tool to evaluate an...

Microbiological safety assessment in food samples is often a cumbersome and time consuming task that has to be done in a regular basis in most food manufacturing facilities. Standard microbiological techniques for evaluating critical levels of bacteria take several days to yield results, thus the food products have to be withheld in the processing factories until the safety inspection is conclu...

This study examined relationship among teachers academic qualification, teachers professional qualification, teachers content knowledge, teachers instructional quality, teachers’ evaluation procedures, teachers’ work value, teachers’ classroom attendance’ and teachers’ job satisfaction on academic performance of secondary school students in Saki-west local government area. The study adopted a d...

Sir,?Learning from the I.M.G., October 1948, p. 484, that lower medical qualifications might be available, I beg to state as follows : After passing the Matriculation Examination of the Calcutta University I tried to get admitted into one of the recognized medical schools in Calcutta, but getting no chance, I finally got admitted into a nonrecognized one (Presidency Medical School) in 1926 wher...