BACKGROUND The most frequently used spermicide Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) in the clinic alters the vaginal flora, which will result in an increased risk of opportunistic infection. So development of a novel spermicidal and microbicidal drug appears to be inevitable. Vaginal local immune is an important part of vaginal flora. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), surfactant proteins D (SP-D), an...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the obstetric gel shortens the second stage of labor and exerts a protective effect on the perineum. METHOD A total of 251 nulliparous women with singleton low-risk pregnancies in vertex position at term were recruited. A total of 228 eligible women were randomly assigned to Group A, without obstetric gel use, or to Group B, obstetric gel use, i.e., intermittent...

Objective: The aim of our study was to formulate and evaluate the liposomal carrier system for the local treatment for mixed vaginal infections. The combination of voriconazole and metronidazole were selected as model drugs for mixed vaginal infections.Methods:Multi lamellar liposomescomposed phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol along with combination of drugs was prepared by the thin film hydra...

Van Damme L, Ramjee G, Alary M, et al. Lancet. 2002; 360:962–964 Purpose of the Study. Nonoxynol-9, marketed as a spermicidal contraceptive, has in vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, in the prevention of HIV infection in women with a high risk of HIV exposure. Methods. This was a ran...

A recent study in South Africa has confirmed, for the first time, that a vaginal gel formulation of the antiretroviral drug Tenofovir, when topically applied, significantly inhibits sexual HIV transmission to women [Karim et al., Science 329, 1168 (2010)]. However, the gel for this drug and anti-HIV microbicide gels in general have not been designed using an understanding of how gel spreading a...

OBJECTIVES To directly measure the cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) and plasma PRO 2000 concentrations achieved by vaginal dosing. DESIGN A sub-study of a prospective randomized, double-blind phase 1 trial of a candidate vaginal microbicide, PRO 2000 gel. METHODS Thirty-six sexually abstinent women self-administered 4% PRO 2000 gel, 0.5% PRO 2000 gel or placebo gel twice on day 0 and then once ...

BACKGROUND Although the male condom provides a reliable means of preventing HIV transmission, a broader choice of methods is required particularly in circumstances where the negotiation of condom use is difficult. Development of new products that may be effective as topical vaginal microbicides is the focus of a great deal of research activity currently. The novel agent PRO 2000, a naphthalene ...

OBJECTIVES Over-the-counter access to an inexpensive, effective topical microbicide could reduce the transmission of HIV and would increase women's control over their health and eliminate the need to obtain their partners' consent for prophylaxis. Chronic infection with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), also known as human herpes virus 2, has been shown to facilitate HIV infection and speed the p...

OBJECTIVE Due to the high incidence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and its resistance to chemical medications and considering the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects of Myrtus communis, the present study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of the vaginal gel of M. communis 2% (in metronidazole base) with metronidazole vaginal gel 0.75% alone on BV. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was...