Three post-launch calibration methods are used to examine the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) microwave imager (TMI) on-orbit performance. The first method is a statistical analysis of TMI ocean observations that reveals a systematic along-scan error. The second method is an intercomparison of TMI and SSM/I observations that shows a warm bias in TMI. The last method is an analysis of...

A system to interrogate photonic sensors based on long weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is presented and experimentally demonstrated, dedicated to measure the precise location of several spot events. The principle of operation is based on a technique used to analyze microwave photonics (MWP) filters. The long weak FBGs are used as quasidistributed sensors. Several events can be detected along t...

The paper describes the UMRR-S sensor, which has been developed for automotive applications in a co-operation between Volkswagen AG and smart microwave sensors GmbH as a derivative of the UMRR platform. The sensor is able to operate in the 24GHz ISM band and is applicable for Advanced Driver Assistance System functions. It can run both in UWB Pulseand in a number of Narrowband FMCW Modes. It ca...

We discuss the performances of a set of four microwave water vapor radiometers operating in the 20–30-GHz band during a field experiment, with an emphasis on calibration and achievable accuracy. The field experiment was conducted at the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program’s field site in north central Oklahoma, and was focused on clear-sky water vapor measurements b...

In this work, the impact of radiofrequency radiation leakage from microwave ovens and its effect on 802.15.4 ZigBee-compliant wireless sensor networks operating in the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band is analyzed. By means of a novel radioplanning approach, based on electromagnetic field simulation of a microwave oven and determination of equivalent radiation sources applied to ...

In a continuous-flow system equipped with a nonresonant microwave applicator we have investigated how to best assess the actual temperature of microwave heated organic solvents with different characteristics. This is non-trivial as the electromagnetic field will influence most traditional methods of temperature measurement. Thus, we used a microwave transparent fiber optic probe, capable of mea...

Vegetation density plays an important role in water and energy balance. Satellite-based optical and microwave sensors are expected to provide complementary vegetation information. Here we compared NDVI from AVHRR and vegetation optical depth (VOD) from SSM/I over Mongolia from 1988 through 2006. Both products show similar spatial distribution in annual average and are able to capture similar in...

The SAR is an important remote sensor for sea ice applications both by providing detailed maps of small areas and by producing data for calibration of other sensors, e.g. the microwave radiometer. For these applications sea ice type concentration with a high accuracy (better than 5%) is needed. This accuracy can normally not be obtained by using the individual pixels, but spatial variation (tex...

In this short note we present an overview about different methods to retrieve accumulation rates over the ice sheets using data from different satellite sensors (passive microwave radiometers, radar) and applying different retrieval algorithms. We demonstrate that a mission concept for the task of accumulation rate retrieval in the Polar Regions requires linking various components which compris...

In which r is the distance between the antenna and object (meters) and c is the speed of light (3 × 108 meters/sec). Such a system can measure the distance between the antenna and a selected object by the delay T in (1), and the position of that object is determined by antenna poniting. Because the antenna must be switched from Here is a comprehensive review of the current types of microwave se...