this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of processing protein meals by tannin extracted from pistachio by-product on apparent total tract digestibility, ruminal fermentation and performance of dairy cows. for tannin extraction, one kilogram of sun-dried pistachio by-products was immersed in four liters of water for 48 h. then, pistachio by-products were removed from the water and ...

Background: Breast milk is important for the overall well-being of infants. Although lactation is relatively robust in the face of poor nutrition, the implication of poor nutrition on non-nutritive factors in breast milk is inconclusive. Objective: This study was designed to find associations between nutritional and immune factors in maternal blood and breast milk with the aim to improve the ne...

The study aimed to determine factors affecting the dry period length and effect of dry days on milk yield, milk composition and lactation length in the next lactation of dairy cows. Data used for analysis included 7264 lactation records collected from 2012 to 2016 on 4737 Holstein cows raised in 152 herds. The statistical model used to determine the factors influencing the dry period length sho...

in order to evaluation of genotype by environment interactions in holstein cows, iran was divided into cold, middle cold, temperate and hot climate regions. for this purpose used from 39570, 35813 and 18955 records for milk, fat and protein yields, respectively, to progeny test for 35 sires that have 50 daughters in each climate. the data were collected by the centre of breeding and improvement...

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of substitution of corn grain with dried citrus pulp (DCP) on milk composition, fatty acids profiles and blood metabolites in Holstein dairy cows. These parameters were measured in a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design experiment using eight Holstein cows. Each experimental period lasted 4 weeks. The four treatments were: control (...

STATs are a family of latent transcription factors that reside in the cytoplasm of resting cells. The STAT1 transcription factor gene located on the chromosome 2 at interval 60 to 63 cM. This factor upon stimulation with INF gamma, dimerizes and translocate to the nucleus where mediates transcriptional regulation. In this study, we estimated the allele and genotype frequencies of STAT1/Pag<...

Prophet of POU1F1 (PROP1) plays direct or indirect important roles in the morphogenesis of pituitary gonadotropes as well as lactotropes, somatotropes and caudomedial thyrotropes. It also controls the expression of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin subunits through regulatory PIT1 factor. These hormones have important influences on production traits in most animal species including the ...