The scale-up of the Knoevenagel-condensation between vanillin and barbituric acid carried out in planetary ball mills is investigated from an engineering perspective. Generally, the reaction proceeded in the solid state without intermediate melting and afforded selectively only one product. The reaction has been used as a model to analyze the influence and relationship of different parameters r...

In this paper, we give a detailed mathematical understanding of flank milling with flat end cutters, which we use to develop a method for milling with such a cutter. This method slides the cutter along two rails, providing two points of contact on the surface.

Nanocrystalline nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) has been synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of oxides NiO and α-Fe2O3 in a high energy planetary mill. A post milling annealing at 350 °C was used to improve the solid state reaction. The obtained powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, differential scanning calorime...

High-energy mechanical milling has been performed on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at ambient and cryogenic temperatures, as well as on polyisoprene (PI) and poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PEP) at cryogenic conditions only. Milling conducted at ambient temperature has a substantially greater impact on the molecular characteristics of PMMA than milling at cryogenic temperatures. An increase in...

Milling is one of the most common manufacturing processes in industry. Despite recent advances in machining technology, productivity in milling is usually reduced due to the process limitations such as high cutting forces and stability. If milling conditions are not selected properly, the process may result in violations of machine limitations and part quality, or reduced productivity. The usua...

Wet ball milling was used to exfoliate MoS2. The aim of the study was to examine how the surface energy of all the individual materials affected the formation of the nano‐ sheets. Two types of milling balls were selected: one made of steel and one made of Al2O3. The liquids used were water (H2O), isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O) and kerosene. The obtained nanosheets were identified and characterized u...

This paper presents an analytical approach for modeling of turn-milling which is a promising cutting process combining two conventional machining operations; turning and milling. This relatively new technology could be an alternative to turning for improved productivity in many applications but especially in cases involving hard-to-machine material or large work diameter. Intermittent nature of...

The ball milling technique has been successfully applied to the synthesis of various materials such as equilibrium intermetallic phases, amorphous compounds, nanocrystalline materials, or metastable crystalline phases. However, how the phase composition and nanoscale microstructure evolute during ball milling in various materials is still controversial due to the complex mechanism of ball milli...

Synthesis of nanomaterials by a simple, low cost and in high yield has been a great challenge since the very early development of nanoscience. Various bottom and top down approaches have been developed so far, for the commercial production of nanomaterials. Among all top down approaches, high energy ball milling, has been widely exploited for the synthesis of various nanomaterials, nanograins, ...

Background: Vitamin A (VA) and zinc deficiencies are prevalent. Maize is a common staple, and milling affects nutrient and nutrient-modifier profiles.Objective: We investigated the interaction of maize milling methods (i.e., whole grain compared with refined) in male Mongolian gerbils aged 29-35 d with conventionally bred provitamin A-biofortified (orange) or white maize on VA and zinc status.M...