BACKGROUND Fine milling of dry lignocellulosic biomass, without prior chemical pretreatment, can produce a high percent theoretical yield of sugars during subsequent enzymatic saccharification. However, the high sugar yields, necessary for a commercial biofuels process, are costly, with the milling energy input, necessary to achieve such yields even exceeding the energy content of the biomass. ...

Nanocomposite of titanium diboride/titanium carbide was fabricated by combustion synthesis of mechanically milled reactant powders. The stoichiometric mixture of Ti and B4C as starting materials milled for 1, 3, 6 and 9 h. Milled powders pressed to form pellets then green compacts were placed in a tube furnace that preheated to 1100 oC in inert atmosphere (Ar).The samples were investigated by X...

Milling of fiber reinforced polymer composites is of great importance for integrated composites with other mating parts. Improper selection of cutting process parameters, excessive cutting forces and other machining conditions would result in rejection of components. Therefore, machining conditions are optimized to reduce the machining forces and damages. This work reports practical experiments...

The trend towards miniature manufacturing in high technological fields like bioengineering, electronics and aerospace has increased dramatically over the last decade. Many methods of micro have been researched applied to manufacture small scale components. Among these micro-mechanical machining shown themselves be attractive alternatives. Micro milling is one most frequently used method with po...

Micro-end milling is one of the promising methods for rapid fabrication of features with 3D complex shapes. However, controlling the micro-end milling process to obtain the desired results is much harder compared to that of macro-end milling due to the size effect and uncontrollable factors. The problem is much pronounced when workpiece material is a difficult-to-process material such as titani...

In waterjet and laser milling, material is removed from a solid surface in a succession of layers to create a new shape, in a depth-controlled manner. The inverse problem consists of defining the control parameters, in particular, the two-dimensional beam path, to arrive at a prescribed freeform surface. Waterjet milling (WJM) and pulsed laser ablation (PLA) are studied in this paper, since a g...

The compound Mg 2 FeH 6 was synthesized from a 2Mg-Fe mixture in a single process through high-energy ball milling under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The complex hydride was prepared from Mg powder and granulated or powdered Fe using a planetary mill. The phase evolution during different milling times was performed by X-rays diffraction technique. The dehydrogenation behavior of the...

Hardened steels are commonly used in wide areas of technologies and industries. In respect of poor machinability of these steels and requirement of expensive cutting tools, study of machining economy is a matter of importance. Thus the present study deals with the economic considerations of various hole making processes. For this purpose, the hard steel samples were machined by conventional dri...