Heat stroke is associated with prolonged exposures to high air temperatures that usually occur in the summer months of July and August in Tokyo, Japan. Also during July and August, residents of Tokyo are often exposed simultaneously to high concentrations of air pollutants. To assess the impacts of these combined exposures, daily numbers of heat stroke emergency transport cases/million resident...

Fraction of exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is a marker airway inflammation. We examined the main effects and interactions relative humidity (RH) air pollution on adolescents’ FeNO. Two thousand forty-two participants from 15-year follow-up German GINIplus LISA birth cohorts were included. Daily meteorological (maximum [Tmax], minimum [Tmin] mean [Tmean] temperatures RH) [Ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxi...

Heat units, expressed in growing degree-days (GDD), are frequently used to describe the timing of biological processes. The basic equation used is GDD = [(T,,, + TM,,)/2] T,,,,, where T, and T,,, are daily maximum and minimum air temperature, respectively, and T,, is the base temperature. Two methods of interpreting this equation for calculating GDD are: (1) if the daily mean temperature is les...

We develop a statistical model using extreme value theory to estimate the 2000-2050 changes in ozone episodes across the United States. We model the relationships between daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) ozone in May-September over 2003-2012 using a Point Process (PP) model. At ~20% of the sites, a marked decrease in the ozone-temperature slope occurs at ...

From January 1999 to May 2001, we investigated seasonal variations in the photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola Hay.) growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan (23 degrees 29' N, 120 degrees 53' E, 2600 m a.s.l.). Photosynthetic capacity (near light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, Pnsat, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and soluble protein concentration of...

A constrained stochastic weather generator (CSWG) for producing daily mean air temperature and precipitation based on annual from tree-ring records is developed tested in this paper. The principle stochastically generating assumes that temperatures any year can be approximated by a sinusoidal wave function plus perturbation the baseline. CSWG three additional assumptions: (1) In each month, tot...

Abstract Background Understanding the climate variability at local scale could help suggest adaptation responses to manage associated risks. This paper analyzed and trend of in semi-arid Borana zone southern Ethiopia over period 1981–2018 using Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Sen’s Slope Estimator (SEE) inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique. Gridded (4 km * 4 km) data (daily precipita...

Air temperature (Ta) is a required input in wide range of applications, e.g., agriculture. Land Surface Temperature (LST) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are widely used to estimate Ta. Previous studies these Ta estimation, however, were generally applied small areas and with number meteorological stations. This study designed both temporal spatial experiment...

numerous studies yet have been carried out on downscaling of the large-scale climate data usingboth dynamical and statistical methods to investigate the hydrological and meteorological impacts of climatechange on different parts of the world. this study was also conducted to investigate the capability of feedforwardneural network with error back-propagation algorithm to downscale the provincial...