Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades regulate a myriad of plant biological processes, including disease resistance. Plant genomes encode large number MAPK kinases (MAPKKKs) that can be divided into two subfamilies, namely MEKK-like and Raf-like kinases. Thus far, the functions MAPKKKs have been relatively well characterized, but roles in remain less understood. Here, we report role ...

Stimulation of normal mouse neutrophils with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in an acceleration of chromatin condensation and phosphatidylserine externalization that was not associated with caspase-3 activation. Caspase-independent death was completely inhibited by GF109203X and SB202190, specific inhibitors for protein kinase C and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase respectively. Ac...

ABBREVIATIONS AP-1, activator protein-1; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ERK, extracellular signalregulated kinase; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; IGF-IIR, insulin-like growth factor-II receptor; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; RPA, RNase protection assay; TGF-ß, transformin...

Background/Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The aim this study was to explore whether miRNA antagomirs could serve as potential therapeutic agents interstitial lung diseases. Methods A mouse model fibrosis established by intratracheal injection bleomycin (BLM). Using microarray analysis, up-regulated miRNAs were identified during ...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in host defense against pathogens and often activated by upstream plasma membrane leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs). ERECTA (ER) is an LRR-RLK that regulates plant developmental processes through activating MAPK cascades. Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) C4 interacts with BKI1, stabilizes it at the impairs ER...

Inflammation promotes endothelial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined in vivo. Using translational vascular function testing myocardial infarction patients, a situation where inflammation is prevalent, and knock-out (KO) mouse models we demonstrate role for mitogen-activated-protein-kinases (MAPKs) dysfunction. Myocardial significantly lowers mitogen stress kinase 1...

Proliferation of airway smooth muscle results from persistent inflammatory cytokine and growth factor stimulation and is a critical component of airway luminal narrowing in chronic asthma. Using primary cultures of bovine tracheal smooth muscle (BTSM) cells to examine the signaling basis of cell proliferation, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and thrombin (which act through distinct rec...