Phase transformation and precipitation formation in mixed-phase clouds are usually associated with the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen (WBF) process in which ice crystals grow at the expense of liquid droplets. The evolution of mixed-phase clouds, however, is closely related to local thermodynamical conditions, and the WBF process is just one of three possible scenarios. The other two scenarios invo...

The use of hydrogen as an energy source is advantageous because its combustion processes only produce water vapor, but not carbon dioxide. This excess can be stored in underground gas storage facilities, where it delivered mixed with natural gas. In gas- and oil industry the formation hydrate crystals cause significant damages. A huge amount crystal formed, plugs pipeline. Like gas, occurs case...

In the title hydrated mixed-cation salt, (C(5)H(8)N(3))(2)[Co(H(2)O)(6)](SO(4))(2)·2H(2)O, the complete octa-hedral hexa-aqua complex cation is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. In the crystal, the components are linked by O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, the latter, involving pyrimidinium cations and sulfate anions, generating R(2) (2)(8) loops. These, together with π-π inter-ac...

Built-in/internal fields in Wurtzite quantum dots originate mainly from: (1) the fundamental crystal atomicity and the interfaces between two dissimilar materials, (2) the strain relaxation, (3) the piezoelectricity, and (4) the spontaneous polarization/pyroelectricity. In this paper, using the atomistic NEMO 3-D simulator, we study the influence of these four competing internal fields on the e...

We report the results of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of 4-n-octyl-4' cyanobiphenyl (8CB) on samples of 750 and 3000 molecules showing the spontaneous formation of the nematic phase and then of smectic layers by gradually cooling down from the isotropic phase. Orientational, positional, and mixed order parameters, layer spacing, translational diffusion tensor components and their te...

A series of 23 nitroxides () was tested for biofilm modulatory activity using a crystal violet staining technique. 3-(Dodecane-1-thiyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolinoxyl () was found to significantly suppress biofilm formation and elicit dispersal events in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mixed-culture biofilms. Twitching and swarming motilities were enhanced by nitroxide , l...