This study investigated non-contrastive voice qualities in Northern Vietnamese tones with a focus on huyền and hỏi. The analysis measured the relative amplitude of the first and second harmonics (H1-H2) and of the first harmonic and first formant (H1-A1) in a sample of native speaker speech. While the results are consistent with reports of multiple voice qualities for huyền and hỏi, huyền appea...

In the aspectual linguistic literature, a connection between imperfective aspect and modality/subjectivity is quite often mentioned. This article investigates a possible counterargument to this connection by analyzing modal readings of tenses in Russian. Two types of uses of tenses are described: (1) temporal reading of the tense with a modal inference and (2) strictly modal reading of the tens...

One of the ways to achieve a good translation of verbal forms is the morphosp~tactic approach, which consists in a function pairing the different morphological tenses that occur in a given language with the tenses of the other language. Complicated rules must be established to calculate the right pair for an expression, because of the amount of discrepancies that differmnt languages show with r...

The Special Theory of Relativity is often interpreted as forcing us to accept a conceptual revolution in our thinking about space, time, and the temporal distinction between past, present, and future. Most importantly, it is claimed that the notion of absolute simultaneity that is embodied in our pre-relativistic thinking about time must be abandoned. Thus, our natural language use of linguisti...

The article is dedicated to the study of functioning language means, which in primary or secondary function are able express modality probability modern Spanish and Italian languages. We consider category as a kind modal both terms logical (epistemic) modality, functional grammar, from standpoint theory linguistic communication. Probability one most common types with large gradation semantic me...