This research paper presents an adaptation of the cat swarm optimization (CSO) to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). This evolutionary algorithm appeared in 2007 by Chu and Tsai for optimization problems in the continuous case. To solve TSP, which is a discrete problem, we will describe the various operators and operations performed in two different modes of this algorithm, which is th...

In this paper, a control strategy is proposed for robust stabilization of nonlinear perturbed plants in the presence of actuator unmodeled dynamics. The block control technique is applied to design a nonlinear SM manifold for achieving the error tracking, and High Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) algorithm is implemented to ensure finite time convergence of the state vector to the designed SM manifold...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document specifies Protocol...

RFC 4601 mandates the use of IPsec to ensure authentication of the link-local messages in the Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) routing protocol. This document specifies mechanisms to authenticate the PIM-SM link local messages using the IP security (IPsec) Authentication Header (AH) or Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). It specifies optional mechanisms to provide confident...

PIM Protocol Independent Multicast is capable of sup porting sparse mode SM and dense mode DM op erations In sparse mode PIM can use shared trees RPT or shortest path trees SPT to deliver data pack ets One frequently asked questions was how to decide when to use sparse mode and when to use dense mode What is the criteria Another unanswered question was whether packets can be lost when receivers...

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is capable of supporting sparse mode (SM) and dense mode (DM) operations. In sparse mode, PIM can use shared trees (RPT) or shortest path trees (SPT) to deliver data packets. One frequently asked questions was how to decide when to use sparse mode and when to use dense mode. What is the criteria? Another unanswered question was whether packets can be lost wh...

The Randall-Sundrum (RS) scenario with all the standard model (SM) fermions and gauge bosons in the bulk is phenomenologically studied. Even though the simple assumption of universal bulk fermion mass mψ leads to the same Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass spectrum for all the SM fermions and thus suppresses new contributions to Flavor-Changing-Neutral-Current (FCNC) and the ρ parameter, large Yukawa coupl...

| The Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) protocol establishes core-base tree to forward multicast datagrams in a network. In PIM-SM, the core or Rendezvous Point (RP) of a group is determined at each multicast router by hashing a group address, i.e., a class-D IP address, to one of the candidate RPs. The hash function is characterized by its ability to evenly and uniquely choos...

We present a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) for use in confocal endomicroscopy to reduce speckle contrast, increase signal collection while preserving optical sectioning. The DCFC is made by incorporating a double-clad tapered fiber (DCTF) to a fused-tapered DCFC for achromatic transmission (from 1265 nm to 1325 nm) of > 95% illumination light trough the single mode (SM) core and collection o...

Clinically available drugs active against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other human herpesviruses are limited to those targeting viral DNA replication. To identify compounds directed against other steps in the viral life cycle, we searched for drugs active against the EBV SM protein, which is essential for infectious virus production. SM has a highly gene-specific mode of action and preferential...