We analyze a dynamic model of international environmental agreements where countries cannot make long-term commitments or use sanctions rewards to induce cooperation. The equilibrium is Markov chain, not particular coalition. A large and effective coalition an absorbing state, reached after random succession short-lived ineffective coalitions. Reaching such requires that the endogenous probabil...

The design argument is one of three main arguments for the existence of God; the others are the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. Unlike the ontological argument, the design argument and the cosmological argument are a posteriori. And whereas the cosmological argument can focus on any present event to get the ball rolling (arguing that it must trace back to a first cause, name...