Currently, the modulation performances of underwater wireless optical communication are analyzed in horizontal optical transmission link. However, the methods cannot be used in vertical optical transmission link. In order to solve the problem a model of sea attenuation coefficient is proposed. The model is based on the Gaussian distribution model of chlorophyll concentration and the “seawater s...

Driven by previous reports of adaptation to persistent stimuli in other brain regions, we investigated adaptive effects in the Primary Auditory Cortex of awake non-behaving ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Electrophysiological data was obtained in response to the presentation of auditory gratings with a structured spectro-temporal envelope of varying bandwidth which had repeated transitions bet...

In this paper, we propose a bandwidth efficient error correction scheme, namely the variable rate adaptive bitinterleaved coded modulation (ABICM) , for wireless mobile channel. The code rate and modulation level are varied according to the current channel state to exploit the timevarying nature of the wireless channel. Design challenges to achieve symbol-by-symbol adaptation and component code...

Speech reception depends critically on temporal modulations in the amplitude envelope of the speech signal. Reverberation encountered in everyday environments can substantially attenuate these modulations. To assess the effect of reverberation on the neural coding of amplitude envelope, we recorded from single units in the inferior colliculus (IC) of unanesthetized rabbit using sinusoidally amp...

W scientists from HMS Challenger dredged animals from over 5km depth, they finally laid to rest the azoic hypothesis of Edward Forbes, that life could not exist in cold dark depths of the ocean, and thereby opened the doors to true deep-sea biology. The past decade has witnessed a further sea change in our view of marine diversity, if I may be permitted the pun, a change driven to a large exten...

W scientists from HMS Challenger dredged animals from over 5km depth, they finally laid to rest the azoic hypothesis of Edward Forbes, that life could not exist in cold dark depths of the ocean, and thereby opened the doors to true deep-sea biology. The past decade has witnessed a further sea change in our view of marine diversity, if I may be permitted the pun, a change driven to a large exten...

A simple analytical model is found that predicts the exact proton spectrum needed to obtain a spread-out-Bragg peak (SOBP) distribution for laser-accelerated proton beams. The theory is based on the solution to the Boltzmann kinetic equation for the proton distribution function. The resulting analytical expression allows one to calculate the SOBP proton energy spectra for the different beamlet ...

[1] The seasonal cycle of planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth is examined globally using observations from the Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellite mission. COSMIC uses GPS radio occultation to derive the vertical profile of refractivity at high vertical resolution (~100m). Here, we apply an algorithm to determine PBL top height and thu...

12 Amplitude modulation (AM) is a common feature of natural sounds, and its detection is 13 biologically important. Even though most sounds are not fully modulated, the majority of 14 physiological studies have focused on fully modulated (100% modulation depth) sounds. We 15 presented AM noise at a range of modulation depths to awake macaque monkeys while recording 16 from neurons in primary au...