Background: Biosynthesis of is one of the safe methods in nanoparticles (NP) production where local bacteria of every region can be applied for its better functionality. Among these nanoparticles, the silver nanoparticles (SNP) with high applicability due to their antimicrobial characteristic are the most common.    Methods: In the study, the soil samples are collected from met...

The use of DNA templates to direct chemical reactions enables the principles of biological evolution to be applied to the discovery of synthetic molecules and new chemical reactions. In addition, the use of DNA hybridization to modulate the effective molarity of DNA-linked reactants allows synthetic molecules to be manipulated in ways that cannot be accessed using traditional synthetic methods....

Cryopreservation of tissue slices greatly facilitates their use in drug metabolism research, leading to efficient use of human organ material and a decrease of laboratory animal use. In the present review, various mechanisms of cryopreservation such as equilibrium slow freezing, rapid freezing and vitrification, and their application to cryopreservation of tissue slices are discussed as well as...

Epithelial cell plasticity is controlled by extracellular cues, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin (AREG) are high- and low-affinity ligands for EGF receptor (EGFR), respectively. EGFR signaling is known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the activation of ERK and the induction of an EMT transcription fa...

1. Differences in the fragility of human red cells are observed in equimolar solutions of the chlorides of the monovalent cations. The cells are most fragile in LiCl and least fragile in NaCl, the salts falling in the order Li > K >== Rb > Cs > Na. 2. The difference between the tonicity-volume relations in systems containing LiCl and systems containing NaCl lies in the molarity of the solution ...

The evolution of zinc oxide nanostructures grown on graphene by alcohol-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was investigated. The evolution of structures is strongly depended on pyrolysis parameters, i.e., precursor molarity, precursor flow rate, precursor injection/deposition time, and substrate temperature. Field-effect scanning electron microscope analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectrosco...