BACKGROUND Lipomas in the lower spinal canal can lead to progressive neurological deficits, so they may have to be surgically removed. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring serves to minimize the morbidity of the surgical procedure. However, so far there are no evidence-based recommendations which type of monitoring procedure or combination of procedures to choose. METHODS The aim of t...

Objective: To study the benefits of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during resection posterior fossa lesions.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration Study: Department Neurosurgery, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Apr 2020 to Mar 2022.
 Methodology: One hundred sixty-nine diagnosed lesions, including cerebellopontine angl...

Eleven patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and 13 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI (STBI) were compared to 10 matched controls on episodic memory for pictorial scene-object associations (e.g. kitchen-bread) and a range of standardized neuropsychological tests of memory and frontal-lobe functions. We tested the hypothesis that deficits in episodic memory result from impaired att...

Neuroimaging evidence suggests that older adults exhibit deficits in frontally-mediated strategic retrieval processes, such as post-retrieval monitoring. Behavioral research suggests that explicitly directing attention toward source features during encoding may improve source memory for both young and older adults and alleviate age-related source memory impairments, in part, by reducing demands...

Although the elicited responses of motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring are very sensitive to suppression by anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants, the use of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) during MEP monitoring is still controversial because of serious safety concerns and diagnostic accuracy. Here, we evaluated the incidence of unacceptable movement and compared false-negative MEP results be...

Despite marked improvements in developmental outcome with newborn screening and early levothyroxine replacement most follow up studies of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) show a persistent mild deficit in total IQ. It has been considered that these deficits in neurocognitive function occur in utero and thus even early therapy cannot completely normalise development. Alternatively the deficits cou...

The features of autism that inhibit the independent demonstration of skills, as well as three effective interventions for increasing independence, are explored in this review article. Independent performance may prove difficult for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) due to the core deficits of the disability, as well as executive function deficits that impact initiation and genera...

Students with Specific Learning Disabilities, tend to have low academic performance because of the cognitive disorders and deficits their working memory, as well executing fuctions like these processing - organizing recalling information. Development Metacognitive skills, those that presented by Drigas & Mitsea (2020), 8 pillars Metacognition, such self-Awareness, self-Monitoring Self-Regul...

BACKGROUND Cognitive control deficits are pervasive in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and are reliable predictors of functional outcome, but the specificity of these deficits and their underlying neural mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The objective of the present study was to determine the nature of response inhibition and response monitoring deficits in SZ and their relationshi...

A latent variable analysis was conducted to examine the nature of individual differences in the dynamics of free recall and cognitive abilities. Participants performed multiple measures of free recall, working memory capacity (WMC), and fluid intelligence (gF). For each free recall task, recall accuracy, recall latency, and number of intrusion errors were determined, and latent factors were der...