Atherosclerotic lesions have a lipid core containing crystals and liposomes enriched in unesterified cholesterol as well as numerous monocyte-macrophages enriched in cholesteryl ester. Sufficient amounts of plasma-derived high density lipoproteins (HDL) may not reach and efficiently remove the cholesterol deposited in lesion macrophages or in the lipid core of lesions. We examined the potential...

Abstract Few studies have used a longitudinal approach to describe the immune response SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells longitudinally obtained from SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets. Landscape analysis lung microenvironment shows distinct changes in cell proportions and characteristics compared uninfected control, at 2 5 days pos...

Macrophages adopt an alternatively activated phenotype (AAMs) when activated by the interleukin-4receptor(R)α. AAMs can be derived either from proliferation of tissue resident macrophages or recruited inflammatory monocytes, but it is not known whether these different sources generate AAMs that are phenotypically and functionally distinct. By transcriptional profiling analysis, we show here tha...

The measurement of cholesteryl esters in human monocyte-derived macrophages using previously described high performance liquid chromatography methods is hampered by the presence in these cells of large amounts of triglycerides. We present a simple reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography protocol for quantification of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in human monocyte/macrophages...

In the human disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), macrophages predominate in demyelinated areas and their numbers correlate to tissue damage. Macrophages may be derived from infiltrating monocytes or resident microglia, yet are indistinguishable by light microscopy and surface phenotype. It is axiomatic that T cell-mediated macrophag...

Two major theories concerning the development and differentiation of macrophages ―― the reticuloendothelial system proposed by Aschoff(1924)and the mononuclear phagocyte system developed by van Furth (1972) ―― are critically reviewed. Phylogenetically, mononuclear phagocytic cells (macrophages)develop in all animals;monocytes are not detected in invertebrates, and both macrophages and monocytes...

Background and Aim: Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the main precursors of myofibroblasts, key mediators liver fibrosis (LF). Activation HSCs their differentiation towards myofibroblasts is driven by cytokines growth factors secreted liver-resident macrophages recruited monocytes. Conversely, produced can influence macrophage functions. SOCS1 a regulator several implicated in fibrosis. To inve...

The uptake and degradation of cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins, referred to as beta-VLDL, are shown in the present study to be mediated by LDL receptors (apoB,E(LDL) receptors), not by unique beta-VLDL receptors. Human blood monocytes cultured for 5-7 d bound apoB- and/or apoE-containing lipoproteins from different species with affinities equivalent to those demonstrated for the receptors ...