This paper deals with the synthesis of a biocompatible chitosan ammonium salt N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) and using it in montmorillonite ion-exchange process. HTCC-modified montmorillonite (Mt) with different chemical ratios was successfully synthesized, and their characteristics have been verified by XRD and FTIR analyses. Produced samples have been evalu...

1 We studied the interaction between the naturally occurring polycation spermine (SPERM) and 2 Na-exchanged SWy-2 Wyoming montmorillonite (Na-SWy-2 Mt) and between spermine3 exchanged montmorillonite (Mt-SPERM) and the herbicide fluometuron. Mt-SPERM with 4 spermine contents ranging between 0 and 1.2 times the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 5 Na-SWy-2 were studied by XRD, FTIR and TGA analys...

Plasticized sulfur/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by the melt-blending method and the dispersion of montmorillonite (MMT) and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied. Natural sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were used as filler. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD...

The combination of pillarization and charge neutralization with Li+ can make montmorillonite an important support material for industry decontamination pollutants in soil water. Montmorillonite characterization techniques were described detail, procedures used, after saturation, to modify manipulate the chemical mineralogical surface properties this montmorillonite. Eight samples produced: 1) n...

The thermal emission of alkali metal ions from Al30-pillared montmorillonite in comparison with its natural form was studied by mass spectrometry in the temperature range 770-930 K. The measurements were carried out on a magnetic mass spectrometer MI-1201. For natural montmorillonite, the densities of the emission currents (j) decrease in the mass spectrum in the following sequence (T = 805 K, ...

Compacted and water saturated bentonite will be used as an engineered barrier in deep geological repositories for radioactive waste in many countries. Due to the high dose rate of ionizing radiation outside the canisters holding the nuclear waste, radiolysis of the interlayer and pore water in the compacted bentonite is unavoidable. Upon reaction with the oxidizing and reducing species formed b...

BACKGROUND The dispersion-aggregation behaviors of suspended colloids in rivers and estuaries are affected by the compositions of suspended materials (i.e., clay minerals vs. organic macromolecules) and salinity. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the dispersion and aggregation mechanisms of suspended particles under simulated river and estuarine conditions. The average hydrod...

E. coli bacteria move in streams freely in a planktonic state or attached to suspended particulates. Attachment is a dynamic process, and the fraction of attached microorganisms is thought to be affected by both bacterial characteristics and particulate properties. In this study, we investigated how the properties of cell surfaces and stream particulates influence attachment. Attachment assays ...

Controlled-release herbicide formulations have been shown to decrease the leaching potential of several herbicides under laboratory and Ðeld conditions. The utility and efficacy of these formulations may be improved by combining several herbicides and a fertilizer source in a single formulation. The objective of these studies was to develop granular alginate formulations that were composed of a...

The sorption capacity of montmorillonite clay minerals for small cations, such as Ni , can be greatly enhanced by modifying the clay mineral with Al(III). In this study, the mechanisms of Ni uptake by Al-modified montmorillonite were studied using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy of powders and polarized EXAFS spectroscopy of self-supporting clay films to delineate ...