Structural identification is one of the most important steps when dealing with historic buildings. Knowledge parameters, which define mechanical properties these kinds structures, fundamental in preparing interventions aimed at their restoration and strengthening, especially if they have suffered damage due to strong events. In particular, by using non-destructive techniques it possible estimat...

Indonesia is not only rich in its biodiversity but it is also well known as a country with high diversity of ethnicities. Each ethnic group has extensive experienced in the utilization and conservation of biological and ecological diversity. This biocultural richness has provided ethnobotanical researchers with endless research opportunities. Ethnobotanical study has a long history in Indonesia...

Different structural parts of monuments and historic buildings were based on stone as the main building material, such as masonry and foundation, while many types of stones were also used for decorative, architectural elements, such as reliefs, cornices, corbels, colonnettes. The preservation of stone elements is crucial for the continuity of these structures. Mortar on the other hand is an art...

Many polymers, able to confer a hydrophobicity to treated surfaces, have been proposed for the restoration and conservation of civil and monumental buildings. Polysiloxanes, and their precursors, the silanes, have been frequently employed for stone protection. To avoid decay of the treated surfaces, the effectiveness and harmlessness of the treatment need to be carefully evaluated before applic...

The Belem Tower was initiated in 1515, thus being built the last fortress, a military defence mechanism strategically placed on Tagus, but it also served as protection to biggest monastery built, Monastery and Church of Jeronimos. Paulo Pereira emphasises that this reason explains morphology its ornamental opulence, which both accorded with current taste suited location bank river.

The conservation of architectural heritage usually requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a variety of specialist expertise and techniques. Nevertheless, destructive techniques should be avoided, wherever possible, in order to preserve the integrity of the historical buildings, therefore the development of non-destructive and non-contact techniques is extremely important. In this frame...

Even before Covid-19 although in the very center of old town and historic Naples there were abandoned buildings complexes, uninhabited unused for decades. The cause is attributed to multiple reasons such as functional obsolescence, failure adapt intervening European standards terms hospital construction, technological facilities standards, etc. health crisis which strongly affected societies re...