background and objectives: kefiran (kef) is a water-soluble polysaccharide that can form transparent film however, it is brittle. therefore, in order to improve the mechanical properties of kefiran film, a mixture with other polymers can be offered. the expansion of mixed systems can propose kefiran and polyvinyl alcohol (pvoh) as a new composite film. materials and methods: solutions of 20 gra...

the objective of this work was to study the effects of tillage and liquid manure applications on some physical and chemical properties as well as on the carbon and nitrogen mineralization potential of a meadow soil. our results indicated that tillage and manure applications had no effect on the concentration of cu, mn, total n and organic c in 0-15 cm layer of soil after 15 years of treatment. ...

the improvement of the physical properties of indium tin oxide (ito) layers is quite advantageous in photovoltaic applications. in this study the ito film is deposited by rf sputtering onto p-type crystalline silicon (c-si) with (100) orientation, multicrystalline silicon (mc-si), and glass substrates coated with zno and annealed in vacuum furnace at 400°c. electrical, optical, structural and m...

in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, shrubs may act as fertility islands but theireffect may vary depending on their morphology and ecological impacts. this research wasaimed to study effect of three shrubs scariola orientalis, astragalus heratensis, and rosapersica on soil properties and on the microclimate conditions (temperature, luminance, andsoil moisture) of their understory in the steppe ra...