In this paper, we offer a new method of managing the risk of unexpected changes in mortality underlying annuities and life insurance. This method maximizes the insurer’s profit margin, subject to constraints on its downside mortality risk. We also show how to determine bounds on mortality margins when information on the moments of the distributions is known. We provide numerical examples to ill...

background: cystatin c (cys c) has been implicated as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the value of cys c as a marker of acute kidney injury (aki) in acute heart failure (ahf), the impact of cys c and n-terminal probrain natriuretic peptides (nt-probnp) on in-hospital and 12 months mortality were also investigated. materials and methods: a tot...

Infant and child mortality is a health indicator of society in general, and a significant number of these deaths occurs at Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Efforts aimed at preventing infant and child mortality are effective only if based on reasonably reliable information regarding death-related factors. Information is required on risk factors leading to such outcomes in order to prioritize inte...

epidemiological evidence shows that cancer and diabetes are major causes of death in the world. type2 diabetes increases the risk of cancer-specific mortality. this review relates diabetic therapies, diabetes and cancer.all published papers in this field were searched, looking into such databases as science direct, isi web of knowledge, pubmed and scopus.in cancer patients, metformin improves p...