The processing of woody biomass waste piles for use as fuel instead of burning them was 11 investigated. At each landing slash pile location, a 132 kW grapple excavator was used to transfer 12 the waste piles into a 522 kW horizontal grinder. Economies of scale could be expected when 13 grinding a larger pile, although the efficiency of the loading operation might be diminished. Here, 14 three ...

The aim of this paper was to map the scientific research on soybean physiology by usingbibliographic review and analyses of papers indexed up to July 31, 2014 in the web of sciencedatabase. A total of 1682 non-redundant bibliographic records were curated. The soybeanphysiology research experienced two major periods. The first period was from 1943 when thefirst soybean paper was published to 198...

The global climate is changing, and will continue to do so even if greenhouse gas emissions are dramatically curbed. Economies are therefore faced with the challenge of adapting to climate change. This challenge is particularly important in developing countries, which, due to a combination of unfortunate geography and high sensitivity, are most vulnerable to climate change. From a macro-economi...

We evaluated a simple computational model of productive vocabulary acquisition, applied to simulating two case studies of 7-year-old children with developmental word-finding difficulties across four core behavioural tasks. Developmental models were created, which captured the deficits of each child. In order to predict the effects of intervention, we exposed the computational models to simulate...

An economic measure of scale efficiency is the ratio of the minimum average cost to the average cost at the actual output level of a firm. It is easily measured by the ratio of the total cost of this output under the constant and variable returns to scale assumptions. This procedure does not identify the output level where the average cost reaches a minimum. This paper proposes a nonparametric ...

Structural change involves a broad set of trends: (i) sectoral reallocations, (ii) rich movements of productive activities between home and market, and (iii) an increase in the scale of productive units. After extending these facts, we develop a model to explain them within a unified framework. The crucial distinction between manufacturing, services, and home production is the scale of the prod...

the purpose of the present study was to provide empirical support for the construct of the involvement load hypothesis (ilh ) in an efl context. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 4 intact groups consisting of 126 intermediate-level students participated in this experiment. in order to ensure that the participants were at the same level of english language proficiency, the nelson test was adm...

The indicators used in economics to calculate the productivity scale are not always positive, therefore, existing models need to be developed to calculate the productivity scale for the semi-negative and semi-positive output index. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand for realization simultaneously in the presence of a negative outflow index, ...