Availability of accurate and objective landslide susceptibility maps depicting zones defined on the basis of probability of occurrence of landslides is one of the critical inputs in assessing risk to property and lives in any mountainous region, particularly in the Himalayas. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of soft computing tools, namely, neural network, fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy ap...

constructed upon a height (by footing) or breaking in to the ground, in a building, making a close relation between earth and soil is of great importance. in addition, earth as a prior factor in creation of a shade and residence, plays a crucial role in architecture history. throughout the different area, earth is paid attention differently: as a source of cool (in china), a source of heat (cap...

Runoff forecasting in mountainous regions with processed based models is often difficult and inaccurate due to the complexity of the rainfall-runoff relationships and difficulties involved in obtaining the required data. Machine learning models offer an alternative for runoff forecasting in these regions. This paper explores and compares two machine learning methods, support vector regression (...

Extreme weather events have become more frequent and are likely linked to increases in greenhouse gases and aerosols, which alter the Earth’s radiative balance and cloud processes. On 8–9 July 2013, a catastrophic flood devastated the mountainous area to the northwest of the Sichuan Basin. Atmospheric simulations at a convection-permitting scale with aerosols and chemistry included show that he...

In three-dimensional (3D) navigation, if mountainous terrain is displayed based on ordinary perspective projection, viewers often find that the features of interest are occluded, which prevents an overview of the features. This paper presents an approach for the automatic generation of consecutive nonperspective views of mountainous terrain. The proposed method can generate views without occlus...

Despite their rich energy renewable potential, mountainous areas suffer from energy poverty. A viable solution seems to be the radical turn towards renewable resources. Any tailor-cut energy planning for mountainous areas presupposes the adequate estimation of the energy demand of buildings, which in this case is hindered by the lack of long-term meteorological data, especially in remote, high ...

In some mountainous terrain, debris flows preferentially initiate from the toes and margins of larger, deeper, slower-moving landslides. During the wet winter of 1997, we began real-time monitoring of the large, active Cleveland Corral landslide complex in California, USA. When the main slide is actively moving, small, shallow, first-time slides on the toe and margins mobilize into debris flows...

This paper deals with lidar point cloud filtering and classification for modelling the Terrain and more generally for scene segmentation. In this study, we propose to use the well-known K-means clustering algorithm that filters and segments (point cloud) data. The Kmeans clustering is well adapted to lidar data processing, since different feature attributes can be used depending on the desired ...

In remote developing countries, such as Bhutan, it is common for existing maps to be either out-of-date or to not exist. Showcasing forest covered peaks and broad valleys with ground elevations from 2000 m and climbing as high as 4200 m, the Bhutanese setting provides a unique and challenging environment for the generation of image-based products. Although picturesque, the rugged mountainous an...