OBJECTIVE Chronic constipation affects more than 17% of the global population worldwide, and up to 50% of patients were outlet obstruction constipation (OOC). Women and the elderly are most likely to be affected, due to female-specific risk factors, such as menopause, parity and multiparity. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of compartment defects in anorectal and pelvic f...

Background MR proctography is frequently used as the gold standard for rectocele diagnosis and pelvic floor investigation due to its clear delineation of compartments and lack of radiation. However drawbacks of MR proctography include the high cost, lack of availability and discomfort to use. We wanted to see if transperineal ultrasound could describe similar results in the diagnosis of rectoce...

Quantum states extended over a large volume in phase space have oscillations from quantum interferences in their Wigner distribution on scales smaller than variant Planck's over 2pi [W. H. Zurek, Nature (London) 412, 712 (2001)]]. We investigate the influence of those sub-Planck-scale structures on the sensitivity to an external perturbation of the state's time evolution. While we do find an ac...

CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. *Correspondence: Moo In Park, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Colle...

The physiology of the anorectal region is very complex, and it is only recently that detailed investigations have given us a better understanding of its function. The methods that are used for the evaluation of anorectal physiology include anorectal manometry, defecography, continence tests, electromyography of the anal sphincter and the pelvic floor, and nerve stimulation tests. These techniqu...

changed and modernised practice in recent years. But this has wider implications. When you submit research for publication your contribution to the study and to the manuscript and that of each author must be outlined. Rather than just stating that the study has been by a Local Ethics Committee you need to provide proof. Institutional Research & Development departments have also come under scrut...

Introduction. The transvaginal technique with application of patient's proper tissues is considered the most suitable for surgical correction lower and middle rectocele. However, despite complete anatomical correction, functional results are not satisfactory in 7-20% patients.The aim study was to improve treatment rectocele via access.Materials methods. included 45 female patients who were rand...