Objective To estimate age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality among adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Germany. Research design and methods The German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98) included a mortality follow-up (median follow-up time 12.0 years) of its nationwide sample representative of the population aged 18-79 years. After exclusi...

Serotonergic and glutamatergic neurons of median raphe region (MRR) play a pivotal role in the modulation of affective and cognitive functions. These neurons synapse both onto themselves and remote cortical areas. P2X7 receptors (P2rx7) are ligand gated ion channels expressed by central presynaptic excitatory nerve terminals and involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. P2rx7s are...

In many works on the material removal in the Chemical Mechanical Process (CMP), the effects of several process parameters have been addressed. However, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of material removal and a model to correlate the process parameters to material removal rate (MRR) are still lacking. This appendix develops such models for polishing based on the results from the pin-o...

In this paper, we discuss a novel technique based on semantic constraints to improve the performance and portability of a reformulation-based question answering system. First, we present a method for acquiring semantic-based reformulations automatically. The goal is to generate patterns from sentences retrieved from the Web based on lexical, syntactic and semantic constraints. Once these constr...

BACKGROUND Self-selection may compromise cost-effectiveness of screening programs. We hypothesized that nonparticipants have generally higher morbidity and mortality than participants. METHODS A Swedish population-based random sample of 1,986 subjects ages 59 to 61 years was invited to sigmoidoscopy screening and followed up for 9 years by means of multiple record linkages to health and popul...

BACKGROUND Denmark and Norway are the best countries to study effects of mammography screening, because they are the only countries with stepwise introduction of nationwide mammography screening, enabling comparative effectiveness studies of high quality. Although Denmark and Norway are countries with similar populations and health care systems, reported reductions in breast cancer mortality (i...

BACKGROUND Normal upper endoscopy may be a marker of ischemic heart disease in patients with unexplained chest/epigastric pain. METHODS We examined the 10-year risk of ischemic heart disease and mortality in a cohort of 386 Danish patients with chest/epigastric pain, normal upper endoscopy, and no prior hospital discharge diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (defined as patients with unexplain...

The Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process is now widely employed in the manufacture of Ultra-Large-Scale Integrated (ULSI) circuits. Yet, the effects of various process parameters on the material removal rate (MRR) and the resulting surface topography are not well understood. In this chapter, accordingly, several polishing models are reviewed with emphasis on the mechanical aspects of CMP...

BACKGROUND In a population-based study in Tromsø, Norway, the authors assessed whether an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) or the maximal infrarenal aortic diameter in a non-aneurismal aorta influence total and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. METHODS A total of 6640 men and women, aged 25-84 years, were included in a 10-year mortality follow-up: 345 subjects with a diagnosed AAA and 62...

BACKGROUND Experiments involving mosquito mark-release-recapture (MRR) design are helpful to determine abundance, survival and even recruitment of mosquito populations in the field. Obstacles in mosquito MRR protocols include marking limitations due to small individual size, short lifespan, low efficiency in capturing devices such as traps, and individual removal upon capture. These limitations...