The G1 and S phases of the mitotic cell cycle normally insure that the parental cell attains a sufficient mass so as each daughter cell will have a size identical to that of the parental cell. This implies that before division cells must double their protein content, a process achieved through increase in protein synthesis. The most regulated step of protein synthesis is the initiation of mRNA ...

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that regulates cell proliferation and protein synthesis in response to mitogens and nutrients. A plethora of recent research has linked increased mTOR activity to heightened inflammatory responses. Many of these findings suggest that mTOR inhibitors may be useful for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The discovery, synthesis and a SAR...

Resistance exercise (RE) activates signalling by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and it has been suggested that rapamycin-sensitive mTOR signalling controls RE-induced changes in protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, autophagy, and the expression of peroxisome proliferator gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). However, direct evidence to support the aforementioned relationships is lac...

Changes in ion channel expression are implicated in the etiology of epilepsy. However, the molecular leading to long-term aberrant expression of ion channels are not well understood. The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates activity-dependent protein synthesis in neurons. mTOR is overactive in epilepsy, suggesting that excessive pro...

Central to the pathways that induce cell growth in mammals is the murine target of rapamycin (mTOR), a multi-domain, 298 kDa, evolutionarily-conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is inhibited by the drug rapamycin (Schmelzle and Hall, 2000). mTOR exerts its effects by phosphorylating eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1), which inhibits 5′-cap-dependent mRNA translation (the majorit...

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase is a master growth promoter that nucleates two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Despite the diverse processes controlled by mTOR, few substrates are known. We defined the mTOR-regulated phosphoproteome by quantitative mass spectrometry and characterized the primary sequence motif specificity of mTOR using positional scanning peptide libraries...

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to play a central role in regulating cell growth and metabolism. However, little is known about the function mTOR nutrient metabolism bivalve mollusks. In this study, regulation was investigated Sinonovacula constricta. First, activation assayed after starvation refeeding. Afterwards, using an activator (MHY1485) or inhibitor (rapamycin) m...

Growth factors and nutrients enhance protein synthesis and suppress overall protein degradation by activating the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Conversely, nutrient or serum deprivation inhibits mTOR and stimulates protein breakdown by inducing autophagy, which provides the starved cells with amino acids for protein synthesis and energy production. However, it is unclear ...

BCAAs stimulate protein synthesis in in vitro preparations of skeletal muscle. Likewise, the stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle produced by intake of a mixed meal is due largely to BCAAs. Of the three BCAAs, leucine is the one primarily responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis under these circumstances. The stimulatory effect of leucine on protein synthesis is media...