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resisted the Foundation ethos stressing full-time research activity, from a fear that salaries would be eroded by high levels of inflation. Across the continent, politicians and public opinion demanded more doctors rather than the fewer and more scientifically trained doctors proposed by the Foundation. In Argentina during the late 1940s and early 1950s the Foundation gradually withdrew its sup...

This study aims to describe the environment-based students’ motivation learn Arabic in Islamic Boarding schools West Sumatra. Motivation is seen from its intrinsic and extrinsic aspects. research employed qualitative approach with data collection techniques carried out by observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires. Data analysis were triangulation of observational data, document ana...