The Multi-Echelon Distribution Supply Chain (MEDSC) is a multifaceted structure, focusing on the integration of all factors that involved in the overall distribution process of finished products to the customers. The growing interest in multi-echelon distribution systems has highlighted the need to adopt an appropriate approach to ensure the efficient management of their complexity. While there...

this paper aims to evaluate inventory cost of a two-echelon serial supply chain system under vendor managed inventory program with stochastic demand, and examine the effect of environmental factors on the cost of overall system. for this purpose, we consider a two-echelon serial supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. under vendor managed inventory program, the decision on inventory le...

Purpose This study focuses on a specific method of meat production that involves carcass purchase and by packing facilities with novel two-stage model simultaneously considers location-routing inventory-production operating decisions. The considered problem aims to reduce variable fixed transportation costs, inventory holding cost the opening cold storage facilities. Design/methodology/approach...

We present a continuous-review inventory model for tactical planning in a multi-item, multi-echelon service parts distribution system with time-based service level requirements. Our goal is to determine base stock levels for all items at all locations so that the service level agreements are met at minimum investment. We present exact time-based fill rate expressions for each item and efficient...

A stream is a continuous version of a supply chain. It is like a series inventory system, but stock can be held at any point along a continuum, not just at discrete stages. We assume stationary parameters and aim to minimize the long-run average total cost. We show that a stationary continuous-stage echelon base-stock policy is optimal. That is, at each geographic point along the supply stream,...

– All-unit order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a variable base period – Incremental order frequency discount • 94%-effective policy for a fixed base period • 98%-effective policy for a variable base period Introduction • A supply chain is a network of facilities that procure raw materials, transform them into intermediate goods and then final products, and deliver the products t...

This article addresses the development of an integrated supplier selection and inventory control problems in supply chain management by developing a mathematical model for a multi-echelon system. In particular, a buyer firm that consists of one warehouse and N identical retailers wants to procure a product from a group of potential suppliers, which may require different price, ordering cost, le...

We study a multi-item, two-echelon, continuous-review inventory problem at a Dutch utility company, Liander. We develop a model that optimizes the quantities of service parts and their allocation in the two-echelon network under an aggregate waiting time restriction. Specific aspects that we address are emergency shipments in case of stockout, and batching for regular replenishment orders at th...