Introduction: Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) provides a method to non-invasively assess tissue perfusion, and has recently been applied to study the kidney [1]. The importance of ASL methods to study the kidney has been highlighted due to the diagnosis of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), a side effect of gadolinium based contrast agents [2]. Prior ASL studies of the kidney typically acquire d...

In the past, the two major biomineralization motifs, biosilicification and biocalcification, were considered as two discrete processes. However, there is increasing evidence of the existence of an inextricable relationship between biosilica and calcium-based biominerals. The recent discovery of a unique silica–chitin–aragonite biocomposite in one genus of demosponges (Verongida) introduces a no...

Among the all parameters affecting the performance of a downhole de-oiling hydrocyclone, the investigation of internal flow field deserves more attempts especially in the petroleum industry. In this study, the effects of inlet flow rate, inlet oil volume fraction, and oil droplet diameter on the separation efficiency and pressure drop ratio have been investigated along the hydrocyclone body. Al...

Thermal fluctuations cause perturbations of fluid-fluid interfaces and highly nonlinear hydrodynamics in multiphase flows. In this work, we develop a multiphase smoothed dissipative particle dynamics (SDPD) model. This model accounts for both bulk hydrodynamics and interfacial fluctuations. Interfacial surface tension is modeled by imposing a pairwise force between SDPD particles. We show that ...

We propose a novel multiphase segmentation model built upon the celebrated phase transition model of Modica and Mortola in material sciences and a properly synchronized fitting term that complements it. The proposed sine-sinc model outputs a single multiphase distribution from which each individual segment or phase can be easily extracted. Theoretical analysis is developed for the Γ-convergence...