disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by sclerotic skin and /or multisystem internal organ involvement. Severe secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon due to vasospasm and intimal proliferation in small vessels frequently leads to digital ulceration and ischemia. Internal organ manifestations variably involve the gastrointestinal, renal, cardiac, and pulmonary systems. Neurological symptoms are un...

Introduction: Varicella-zoster virus may cause an infectious disease called Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The related symptoms include facial nerve palsy (FNP), otalgia, the vesicular eruptions of the auricle and external auditory canal, less common ocular movement disorder, facial hypoesthesia, myofascial pain, vestibular symptoms, hearing loss, dysphasia, vocal cord paralysis, as well as tongue paral...

A 61-year-old man with recent Bell’s palsy developed acute vocal cord paralysis causing severe dysphagia. CSF analysis showed elevated protein and a normal cell count; contrast-enhancedMRI of the brain was normal. He was treated with IVIG for a presumed bulbar-variant AIDP and gradually improved. Sixmonths later, the patient developed rapidly progressive hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction....

Neurosyphilis (NS) is a rarely reported disease, with neurological manifestations occurring in the late stages of infection. The incidence NS has steadily increased, particularly increased cases human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual partners, and can occur at any stage disease. In this case report, we present 53-year-old man HIV who presented gradual onset vertigo over c...

Neuropathic Disorders The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises the cranial nerves, spinal nerve roots, dorsal root ganglia, the peripheral nerve trunks (motor and sensory nerves), the terminal branchings of motor nerves as they innervate skeletal muscle, and the peripheral autonomic system [1]. Disorders of the parent cell bodies located in the spinal cord (and/or brainstem) are discussed ...

Neoplastic perineural involvement of cranial nerves represents an uncommon but important feature of metastatic involvement of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Tumor cells invade all nerve compartments, possibly causing ischemia and subsequent degradation of the nerve. Invasion is guided by targeted proliferation in the context of secreted neurotropins and growth factors. Patients o...

MONONEURITIS AND ENTRAPMENT SYNDROMES — Peripheral neuropathies in diabetes are a diverse group of syndromes, not all of which are the common distal symmetric polyneuropathy. The focal and multifocal neuropathies are confined to the distribution of single or multiple peripheral nerves and their involvement is referred to as mononeuropathy or mononeuritis multiplex. Mononeuropathies are due to v...