evanescent wave spectroscopy using thin optically transparent electrodes and multiple reflections allows unique observations of the electrochemical interphase since the region of solution sampled is typically 100 nm from the electrode in the visible spectral region. this technique is found to be highly sensitive to the presence of absorbing adsorbed species

The primary goal of the New Horizons Pluto–Kuiper Belt mission is to explore Pluto by 2020, before Pluto’s atmosphere collapses as predicted by scientists, and then explore the Kuiper Belt objects in an extended mission. The baseline mission plans to launch in January 2006, using a Jupiter gravity assist trajectory to reach Pluto. The New Horizons spacecraft will arrive at Pluto as early as 201...

The connection of coalition systems has many challenges, one of the most important and the one being address by this paper is the lack of understanding of information assurance (IA) in a coalition environment. This paper presents an approach to managing this coalition IA risk using a taxonomy to organize readily available observations and measurements that are potential indicators of a system's...

Field spectroscopy has undergone a remarkable growth over the past two decades in terms of use and application to different scientific disciplines. This work presents an important step forward to improve the interoperability for the spectral library interchange in the field spectroscopy scientific community, by establishing an XML-based metadata system using published International Organization...

Cryogenic Germanium detectors are widely used in high energy physics and astrophysics – for example in direct dark matter searches (such as the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment), or in neutrino-less double-beta decay experiments (such as MAJORANA). Potential future applications include X-ray observations and measurements of coherent neutrino scattering. In all of these fields, increasing...

conclusions due to more sophisticated diagnostic tools and surgical approaches, mortality and morbidity of blunt aortic injuries were significantly reduced over the years compared to thoracic endovascular aortic repair and or over two different time periods. objectives the aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the mortality and morbidity with either treatment option. therefor...

in this paper, a new formula is applied for the calculation of gravity anomalies from a cylinder model representing a geological body. compared to conventional methods, this new development allows the cylinder to be freely oriented in space. 38 gravity forward models are produced each of which anomaly attributes are calculated. then a linear relationship is established between attributes and so...