This is a report of skin necrosis following a leakage of intravenous infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate injection during the treatment of continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) in a female patient. The patient sequentially suffered from systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), severe sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). She died due to refractory septic shock and MODS. B...

BACKGROUND The use of β-blockers during the perioperative period remains controversial. Although some studies have demonstrated their protective effects regarding postoperative cardiac complications, others have demonstrated increased mortality when β-blockers were introduced before surgery. METHODS In this observational study involving 1,801 patients undergoing aortic reconstruction, we pros...

Occasionally, malaria may present with unusual signs and symptoms. We report a case of an uncommon presentation of Plasmodium falciparum infection in a 59-year-old Ethiopian immigrant, which initially presented with hyperglycaemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Reports of unusual presentations of malaria are few and cases of severe malaria with hyperglycaemia are rarely describ...

INTRODUCTION Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has often been compared to the pathophysiologic changes occurring in sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The definitions for SIRS is classically considered to be related to sepsis, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).1 The idea behind defining SIRS was to define a clinical response to a nonspecific insult of eithe...

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Second, why were conventional cooling techniques terminated after 8 hours when the graph (Figure 1 in the report by Broessner and coworkers [1]) indicates that body temperature was effectively lowered to below 39°C (the initial goal in treatment of heat stroke)? We question the cooling technique, because aggressive conventional cooling in the intensive care unit should achieve 39°C within 1 hou...

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by photoreceptor degeneration or dysfunction. These typically present with severe vision loss that can be progressive, disease onset ranging from congenital to late adulthood. The advances in genetics, imaging molecular biology, have conspired create the ideal environment for establ...

This paper will review the involvement of disseminated intravascular coagulation-induced microvascular thrombosis in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and the interaction between disseminated intravascular coagulation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in critically ill patients. The published literature on clinical and experimental studies are the data sources of...

Cardio-renal syndromes are disorders of the heart and kidney wherein acute or long-term dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or long-term dysfunction of the other. Because of this complex organ interaction, management of cardiorenal syndrome must be tailored to the underlying pathophysiology. Clinical guidelines exist for the treatment of heart failure or renal failure as separate conditio...

Influenza is occasionally complicated by CNS disorders, in particular impairment of consciousness. Severe disorders encompass multiple, distinct syndromes manifesting acute encephalopathy, whereas mild disorders represent multiple, ill-defined neuropsychiatric syndromes. Acute encephalopathy is manifested with seizures and coma, with or without multi-organ involvement. The outcome varies from d...