An improved system for recording the electrical activity of single neurons in the brain of awake, unanesthetized and unrestrained animals is described, including complete details of construction and use. The advantages of this new technique over earlier methods are discussed.

A screw microdrive is described that attaches to the grid system used for recording single neurons from brains of awake behaving monkeys. Multiple screwdrives can be mounted on a grid over a single cranial opening. This method allows many electrodes to be implanted chronically in the brain and adjusted as needed to maintain isolation. rights reserved.

BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained outside the dialysis unit are prognostically superior. Whether it is the greater number of measurements made outside the dialysis unit that correlates with prognosis or whether BPs outside dialysis units are ecologically more valid is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective cohort study was conducted in 133 patients on chronic hemodialys...

Using remote video auditing (RVA) and real-time feedback, we replicated health care workers hand hygiene in a second intensive care unit. During the first 4 weeks using RVA without feedback, the compliance rate was 30.42%. The rate during the 64-week postfeedback period (initial 16 and 48 weeks maintenance) with RVA and feedback exceeded 80% on average. These data demonstrate that improved hand...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the recording capabilities of the POLY-MESAM (PM) unit (MAP; Martinsried, Germany), an American Sleep Disorders Association level III system, and to compare it with simultaneous 12-channel polysomnography in the sleep laboratory. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Fifty-three patients (49 men and 4 women) with obstructive sleep-related breathing disorders of varying severi...

Understanding of the functional neurobiology of the rodent whisker system would be advanced by neurobehavioral studies in awake, behaving animals that combine unit recording from structures at various levels of the system with quantitative characterization of the kinematics and temporal organization of whisking. Such studies require the solution of a number of methodological problems. These inc...

The results of detailed experimental and theoretical considerations relating to multiple hologram recording in lithium niobate is reported. The following problem areas are identified and discussed: 1) the angular selectivity of the stored holograms, 2) interference effects due to the crystal surfaces, 3) beam divergence effects, 4) material recording sensitivity, and 5) scattered light from mat...