................................................................................................................................... ii CO-AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT .............................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ v TABLE OF CON...

Mathematical modeling of pathological processes is a new multidisciplinary area. Despite the rapid development in immunology little work has been done in this eld until recently. This development provides the basis for considering diierent diseases im-munologically and mathematically. However, such dynamical systems are always nonlinear and may be time-varying which complicates theoretical mode...

This paper presents and discusses direct linkage identiication procedures based on nonlinearity/non-monotonicity detection. The algorithm we propose checks arbitrary nonlinearity/non-monotonicity of t-ness change by perturbations in a pair of loci to detect their linkage. We rst discuss condition of the linkage identiication by nonlinearity check (LINC) procedure (Mune-tomo & Goldberg, 1998) an...

There is consensus among investigators studying Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that the etiological basis involves environmental factors acting on the genetic susceptibility of the individual [1-5]. Over 100 candidate genes that may contribute to ASD susceptibility have been identified, and numerous environmental “triggers” have been suggested. Yet, the cause of ASD eludes clear definition and...

Nutritional status is an important deter minant of the host resistance against infections and tumors. Alcohol interferes in various ways with the complex system of nutritional immunomodulation. Al cohol acts directly on mechanical barriers in the gas trointestinal tract and increases permeability of intes tinal walls, which results in a reduced exclusion of immunogenic material in the intestine...

The immune system can be defined as a complex system that protects the organism against organisms or substances that might cause infection or disease. One of the most fascinating characteristics of the immune system is its capability to recognize and respond to pathogens with significant specificity. Innate and adaptive immune responses are able to recognize for‐ eign structures and trigger dif...

mune compromise occurs very early in the diseases process. Of great importance is the failure of long-term ( 5 years) highly active retroviral therapy to reverse this sitespecific T-cell depletion. Additionally, other studies have demonstrated that HIV is consistently detectable in the intestine of HIV-infected patients, even those with no detectable plasma virus. Current therapies are inadequa...

In the central nervous system, alpha-motor neurons play a key role in the chain that results in muscles producing force. A new non-invasive technique to measure the electrical activity involved with force production called High Density Surface Electromyography (HDsEMG) has been proven to be effective in providing novel clinical information on the way alpha-motor neurons control the muscles. Thi...