Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) cause a debilitating, and often chronic, musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in humans. Macrophages constitute the major inflammatory infiltrates in musculoskeletal tissues during these infections. However, the precise macrophage effector functions that affect the pathogenesis of arthritogenic alphaviruses have not been defined. We hypothesi...

background and objectives: musculoskeletal disorders are common among children. burden imposed on neck, shoulder and back areas by carrying schoolbags may result in musculoskeletal disorders in students. the aim of this study is to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms and factors associated with these symptoms in students of tehran.   methods: three hundred and forty students par...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major burden and leading cause of death worldwide. Comorbidities such as gastroesophageal reflux, arrhythmia, musculoskeletal disorders cancer affect the quality life COPD patients. Psychological factors, perception, active coping with disease, anxiety depression may also daily activities life.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Healthcare costs have exploded in the past 30 years and they are a major concern for governments worldwide. Care management of musculoskeletal disorders and advanced imaging account for a large part of this socioeconomic burden. RECENT FINDINGS Musculoskeletal ultrasound is now performed primarily by nonradiologists. Both musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI total utilization ...

BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain conditions are common and create substantial burden for the individual and society. While research has shown concordance between couples for risk of some diseases, e.g. heart disease or diabetes, little information is available on such effects for musculoskeletal pain conditions. Our aims were to investigate the presence of concordance between couples for consult...

The trauma pandemic disproportionately kills and maims citizens of low-income countries although the immediate cause of the trauma is often an industrial export of a high-income country, such as a motor vehicle. Addressing the trauma pandemic in low-income countries requires access to relevant research information regarding prevention and treatment of injuries. Such information is also generall...

The incidence of age-related musculoskeletal impairment is steadily rising throughout the world. Musculoskeletal conditions are closely linked with aging and inflammation. They are leading causes of morbidity and disability in man and beast. Aging is a major contributor to musculoskeletal degeneration and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a degenerative disease that involves structu...

This paper will cover the diseases of the musculoskeletal system of reptiles. It is not a comprehensive review. More in-depth disease descriptions can be found in the articles and reference books listed in the literature cited. The paper is divided by etiologic disease categories involving the musculoskeletal system. A short discussion of the disease conditions is found in each section. For the...