purpose: to report the histopathological diagnoses of recipient corneal buttons in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty. methods: in this observational case series, all recipient corneal specimens sent to the ophthalmic pathology laboratory of the eye bank of iran between 2004 and 2007 underwent histopathologic examination. results: overall, 315 corneal specimens were evaluated. histopa...

Mustard gas is known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on animal and human cells. In this report, 1,632 male Japanese who worked in poison gas factories at some time between the years 1927 and 1945 were studied to determine comparative risk for development of cancer, the reference population being data on Japanese males overall. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer in...

Sulfur mustard or mustard gas has been widely used as a chemical weapon in the first world war and Iraq-Iran war. It causes acute and chronic complications in lungs, eyes and skin. In skin, mustard is toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic via alkylation of cellular proteins in enzymes, cell membranes, cytoplasm and particularly cell nucleus as well as in DNA components of the epidermis, dermis and...

background:gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) prevalence in patients with sulfur mustard (sm)-induced bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) is higher than exposed cases with mild lung injuries. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of microaspirations using nuclear scintiscan among bo patients with sm exposure. methods: this was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on patients...

in this issue of irjo panahi and coworkers have presented an extensive and interesting review on ocular manifestations of mustard gas (mg) which includes the clinical, immunochemical, pathology, etc. of mg. mg which has been used as an aggressive, vesicant, and destructive warfare agents in the last century still being used in our time. therefore, it is mandatory for all of us to be aware of it...

As one of the most important vesicant agents, the destructive properties of mustards on the skin, eyes and respiratory system, combined with a lack of antidote, makes them effective weapons. Such weapons are inexpensive, easily obtainable and frequently stockpiled. Sulphur mustard (mustard gas) has been used as a chemical warfare agent in at least 10 conflicts. In this article, the use of musta...

1 Mustard gas is a lipophilic, highly cytotoxic agent that rapidly penetrates tissue, and the eye is one of the organs mostly affected,[1] but skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and renal systems as well as the bone marrow may also be affected.[2] Mustard gas related ocular injuries can be divided into immediate, chronic, and delayed‐onset phases. Acute manifestations of varying degrees, incl...

The Medical Annual, 1940. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, Ltd. Price 20s. The Medical Annual in its 58th year of life maintains the high standard set in previous editions. It is an indispensable book for the busy general practitioner and contains much of interest. The ophthalmic section is by Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, who discusses such subjects as cataract and vitamins, diseases of the cornea, sulp...

INTRODUCTION M USTARD gas was first discovered by Ritchie in 1854 and prepared for manufacture by Meyer in a 886. It was first used as a war gas by the Germans at Ypres in the spring of 1915. Five hundred deaths and 14,2.76 casualties resulted from this initial attack. By the end of the war, there was a total of 400,000 casualties from mustard gas poisoning. The clinical course of these victims...