Two new species of the subfamily Cypricercinae McKenzie, 1971 are described from Western part Thailand: Pseudostrandesia ratchaburiensis sp. nov. and Strandesia prachuapensis is mainly characterized by a flange on antero-ventral left valve (LV), markedly large ? seta mandibular (Md) palp, serrated bristles third endite maxillula (Mx1), slender caudal ramus (CR) with long claw Ga (length ca half...

To determine general or species-specific properties in neural systems, it is necessary to use comparative data in evaluating experimental findings. Presented here are data on associative learning and memory formation in honeybees, emphasizing a comparative approach. We focus on four aspects: (1) the role of an identified neuron, VUM(mx1), as a neural substrate of appetitive reinforcement; (2) t...

The host interferon (IFN) system plays an important role in protection against microbial infections. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is highly virulent in the mouse model, whereas mutants that lack DNA adenine methylase (Dam(-)) are highly attenuated and elicit fully protective immune responses against murine typhoid fever. We examined the expression of IFN-responsive genes in several m...

Virus-infected cells secrete a broad range of interferon (IFN) subtypes which in turn trigger the synthesis of antiviral factors that confer host resistance. IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and other type I IFNs signal through a common universally expressed cell surface receptor, whereas IFN-lambda uses a distinct receptor complex for signaling that is not present on all cell types. Since type I IFN recept...

Mx proteins belong to the dynamin superfamily of high molecular weight GTPases and interfere with multiplication of a wide variety of viruses. Earlier studies show that nuclear mouse Mx1 and human MxA designed to be localized in the nucleus inhibit the transcription step of the in ̄uenza virus genome. Here we set a transient in ̄uenza virus transcription system using luciferase as a reporter gene...

Abstract Aim To determine if expression levels of Interferon-β1 (IFNβ1) in cancer associated fibroblasts, and Myxovirus Resistance 1 (MX1) – a downstream marker interferon activity, cells would be predictive markers chemotherapy response subsequent overall survival. Methods Breast tissue was obtained from microarrays triple negative cohort. Expression IFNβ1 MX1 determined by immunohistochemistr...

BACKGROUND Myxoma resistance protein 1 (MxA) is induced during viral infections. MxA testing could be helpful to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections. METHODS A prospective multicenter cohort study was performed in pediatric emergency departments. MxA blood values were measured in children with confirmed viral or bacterial infections, uninfected controls, and infections of unk...