We show that, in the ideal-cipher model, triple encryption (the cascade of three independently-keyed blockciphers) is more secure than single or double encryption, thereby resolving a long-standing open problem. Our result demonstrates that for DES parameters (56-bit keys and 64-bit plaintexts) an adversary’s maximal advantage against triple encryption is small until it asks about 2 queries. Ou...

There is an enormous inequity in global health as well as research. Less than 10% of research funds are spent on the diseases that account for 90% of the global disease burden. This case study of north-south, south-south collaborations in Sri Lanka is a classic example of the issues faced by mental health researchers in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In this paper, work carried out by...

Reptiles are well-known sources of human Salmonella infections; however, little is known about the ability of Salmonella to cause disease in reptiles. Thirty-seven isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (S. arizonae) were obtained from retrospective and prospective studies of a closed colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (Crotalus willardi) with osteomyelitis. All isolates (N = 7) from...

in the present investigation, shells of pistachio are used as adsorbents and they have been successfully used for the removal of blue 56, from water samples. the effect of various parameters such as: ph, amounts of adsorbents, size of adsorbent particles and contact time on removal processing were investigated. in this study freundlich absorption isotherms and langmuir were investigated . the e...

Multi-level Monte Carlo (MLMC) algorithms have been extensively applied in recent years to obtain schemes that often converge at faster rates than corresponding traditional Monte Carlo methods. In this talk, we shall discuss a randomized method introduced in joint work with Chang-han Rhee, and then describe a stratified alternative estimator. Our principal focus in the talk will be on applicati...

Building on a notion of keys for XML, we propose a novel indexing scheme for hierarchical data that is based not only on the structure but also the content of the data. The index can be used to check the validity of data with respect to a set of key specifications, as well as for efficiently evaluating queries and updates on key paths. We develop algorithms for the construction and incremental ...

i=1 t i) k (87) We now comment on how the derivation changes when n = 2 and k 3. The case n 3 and k = 2 follows as well due to the symmetric functional equation (Equation 12). Note that up to Eq. 57 the derivation is valid when n = 2. Furthermore, note that the sum in Eq. 56 consists now of one term where l = j 1 = 1. Thus, Eq. 56 and Eq. 57 yield, using x i = z ij1 y j1 + z in y n (n=2, j 1 = ...