Understanding microsecond-timescale dynamics is crucial to establish three-dimensional (3D) structure-activity relationships in sugars but has been intractable to experiments and simulations. As a consequence, whether arguably the most important chemical scaffold in glycobiology, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc), deviates from a rigid (4)C(1) chair is unknown. Here, conformer populations and exc...

Many patients with arthritis are using alternative modes of therapy, including nutritional supplements, to treat their arthritis. Most patients never tell their doctors that they are taking alternative medications, and few doctors even ask about such activities. Over-the-counter supplements are expensive and consume large amounts of patients' healthcare dollars. Glucosamine has been widely tout...

Using N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as a starting material, the anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir and tamiphosphor were synthesized via a pivotal intermediate of aldehyde 8. An intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction was utilized to construct the highly functionalized cyclohexene ring. The existing N-acetyl group was transformed into an azido group for the subsequent aziridination, followed by ...

The causative agent of the pandemic identified as SARS-CoV-2 leads to a severe respiratory illness similar SARS and MERS with fever, cough, shortness breath symptoms cases that can often be fatal. In our study, we report findings based on molecular docking analysis which could new effective way for controlling virus additionally, another manipulative possibilities involving mimicking immune sys...

In order to explore how molecules are linked to the membrane surface in larval Taenia solium, whole cysticerci were incubated in the presence of phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens (PLC). Released material was collected and analyzed in polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Two major bands with apparent molecular weights of 180 and 43 kDa were observed. Western blot of releas...

The extracts from 30 species of the green algae were examined for hemagglutination activity with a variety different animal and human erythrocytes which untreated treated enzymes. Almost all showed at least toward one type tested. Strong was detected in 5 Chlorophyta (Anadyomene plicata, Avrainvillea erecta, Boodlea struveoides, Halimeda velasquezii discoidea) enzyme-treated rabbit sheep erythr...

Cells of Bacillus megaterium can use the externally added precursors UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and UDP-N-acetylD mU!‘aIUyl L danyl D ghItamy1 mes o diaminopimelyl D alanyl-n-alanine to synthesize peptidoglycan if the bacteria were first treated with toluene. Toluene-treated bacteria could polymerize these precursors into peptidoglycan which was attached to previously existing cell wall by pept...

Previous reports indicate that N-acetyl-d-glucosamine oligomers (chitin oligosaccharide; NACOS) and d-glucosamine oligomers (chitosan oligosaccharide; COS) have various biological activities, especially against cancer and inflammation. In this review, we have summarized the findings of previous investigations that have focused on anticancer or anti-inflammatory properties of NACOS and COS. More...