introduction: formalin injection induces nociceptive bahaviour in phase i and ii, with a quiescent phase between them. while active inhibitory mechanisms are proposed to be responsible for initiation of interphase, the exact mechanisms which lead to termination of nociceptive response in phase ii are not clear yet. phase ii is a consequence of peripheral and central sensitization processes, whi...

a mixture of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is used for the symptomatic treatment of common cold. in this study, a derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique was proposed for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. determination of these drugs was perf...

INTRODUCTION Formalin injection induces nociceptive bahaviour in phase I and II, with a quiescent phase between them. While active inhibitory mechanisms are proposed to be responsible for initiation of interphase, the exact mechanisms which lead to termination of nociceptive response in phase II are not clear yet. Phase II is a consequence of peripheral and central sensitization processes, whic...

The full analysis of the 'H NM R spectra of naloxone and naltrexone (hydrochloride salts, in 2H 20 solution) was performed by using an high-frequency (500 MHz) spectrometer and the recent technique of two-dimensional (2D ) homonuclear shift spectroscopy. The 'H —'H connec­ tivities allowed detection o f correlated resonances and assignments of multiplets. The shapes of the contour levels of the...

The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic within COVID-19 pandemic, and veterans are twice as likely to die from accidental overdose compared non-veterans. This article describes Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Rapid Naloxone Initiative, which aims prevent deaths among through (1) education naloxone distribution (OEND) VHA patients at risk for overdose, (2) VA Police naloxone...

Naloxone-induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE) is a scarcely reported side effect that can occur after naloxone administration. We present case of 46-year-old male who presented to the emergency department for further management an opioid overdose, developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure several doses naloxone. The rapid deterioration patient’s status required increased supplemental...

INTRODUCTION The standard of care for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression associated with opioid overdose is injectable naloxone. This study compared the usability of two naloxone delivery devices, a naloxone auto-injector (NAI) and a naloxone intranasal delivery system (NXN), in the administration of naloxone during a simulated opioid overdose emergency. NAI (EVZIO (®) ; kaleo, I...

The influence of nitric oxide (NO) on antinociceptive activity of diazepam (DZ), chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and clonazepam (CZ) was examined using the writhing test in mice. The effect of DZ was also studied in mice using hot plate and tail flick tests. DZ (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg), CDP (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and CZ (0.075, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg) produced significant, dose-depend...