Despite numerous scientific efforts many challenges need to be overcome in the ocular delivery because eyes have special and complex anatomic structures. The main problem with the conventional dosage forms is poor ocular bioavailability due to minimum ocular residence time, because of various anatomical and pathophysiological barriers prevailing in the eye. For this reason, much effort has been...

The efficacy of cancer drugs is often compromised due to the existence of biological barriers such as nonspecific distribution, hemorheological flow limitation and endothelial extravasation, impaired delivery across tumor cell membranes and tissue, and multidrug resistance. To overcome these obstacles, Xu et al developed an injectable nanoparticle generator platform to negotiate with the biolog...

Objectives Micelles have been studied as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for improving the topical ocular delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize dexamethasone-loaded polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCL-PEG-PCL) micelles to improve patient compliance and enhance the ocular bioavailability of poorly water-soluble dru...

this study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, degradability and nutritive value of madder, rubia tinctorum l.  and alfalfa medicago sativa. using in vitro and in situ measurements. the mean values for om, cp, ndf, adf and ee were 892.5, 172.0, 306.5, 219.4 and 16.0 g/kg dm for madder hay, and 921.3, 141.4, 482.0, 361.1 and 6.50 g/kg dm for alfalfa hay, respectiv...

Delivery of the drug to ocular area is blocked by protective layers covering eyes; it has always been a major problem find effective bioavailability active in due short duration precorneal majority stay. Direct delivery systems combine as well oil, solution, and suspension, result, many are not able effectively treat eye diseases. Many works have done being overcome this one which use in-situ b...

The functionality of bare polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles is limited to drug depot or drug solubilization in their hard cores. They have inherent weaknesses as a drug-delivery system. For instance, when administered intravenously, the nanoparticles undergo rapid clearance from systemic circulation before reaching the site of action. Furthermore, plain PLGA nanoparticles cannot dis...

The intension behind the present work was formulation and evaluation of in situ gel of brimonidine tartrate. Brimonidine tartrate is an antiglaucomic agent which shows rapid precorneal exclusion and reduced ocular bioavailability when given in form of conventional ophthalmic formulations. To avoid this, an attempt has been made to formulate thermosensitive in situ gel of brimonidine tartrate to...

Abstract: Background: Acyclovir is a potent antiviral agent primarily used to treat viral infection in the eye, signified as Herpes Simplex Keratitis caused by Virus-1. But its applications are limited because of poor oral bioavailability and permeability significant first-pass metabolism. Objectives: The study design formulation, optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo in-vivo characterization solid l...

The influence of altitude and salinity on bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) in 16 high-mountain lakes located at altitudes of 2,817 to 5,134 m on the Eastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, China, spanning a salinity gradient from 0.02% (freshwater) to 22.3% (hypersaline), was investigated. Three different methods, fluorescent in situ hybridization, denaturing gradient gel electrop...