Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is an increasingly utilized surgical option in managing breast carcinoma; however, data on malignant involvement of a separately submitted nipple margin are scant. Consecutive NSM, including those performed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, over a 4-year period (2007-2011), were studied. A separately submitted nipple margin was evaluated by permanent H&E...

Introduction The problem addressed in this paper is establishment of semantic invariants to serve as a kind of metalanguage of ”senses” valid for the natural language systems under consideration. We see the key objective of natural language processing in developing multilingual facilities of computer access to knowledge contained in texts. Our experience in design and implementation of natural ...

What is the right way of thinking about the metalanguage in which natural language semantics takes place? I will eventually get to the idea that the best way of understanding the role of this language involves seeing natural language semantics as a model-based science (using ‘model’ in the general sense of a scientific model, not in the technical sense of model theory). To get there, I first cr...

As is known, metalanguage is a language by means of which another language is described. The latter is called object-language. One and the same language may play the role of object-language and metalanguage. For example, the Russian language taken as an object of linguistic description is an object-language, the Russian language used for a linguistic description of Russian is a metalanguage. Th...

BACKGROUND Ischemic complications after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) have been associated with numerous variables. However, the impact of NSM flap thickness has been incompletely evaluated. METHODS NSM flap thickness was determined for all NSMs from 2006 to 2016 with available pre- or postoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). Demographics and outcomes were stratified by those...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary nigella sativa meal (nsm) on the growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, egg yolk cholesterol and meat quality in japanese quail. for this purpose 300 one-day old japanese quail chicks in a completely randomized design was used with five treatments in four replicates )containing 15 birds each(. the experimenta...

A pervasive challenge in programming theory and practice are feature combinations. Here, we propose a semantic framework that combines monad-based computational effects (e.g. store, nondeterminism, random), underdefined or free operations (e.g. actions in process algebra and automata, exceptions), and recursive definitions (e.g. loops, systems of process equations). The joint treatment of these...

The IEML research program promotes a radical innovation in the notation and processing of semantics. IEML (Information Economy MetaLanguage) is a regular language that provides new methods for semantic interoperability, semantic navigation, collective categorization and self-referential collective intelligence. This research program is compatible with the major standards of the Web of data and ...

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the incidence of nodal skip metastasis (NSM) to identify the risk factors that influence NSM and to assess the prognostic value of NSM in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2013, 285 patients with ESCC with positive lymph nodes who underwent complete resection were enr...