The Ellipsoid NDF is a new normal distribution function (NDF) that we introduce and use in the accompanying paper. It can be used with micro-facet BRDF to model the reflection and refraction of light from surfaces. This new distribution is a generalization of the widely used isotropic GGX/Trowbridge-Reitz distribution. The Ellipsoid model is based on the surface statistics of an arbitrary 3D el...

The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional aspects of the bear diet quantitatively, in order to understand plant food selection in spring. Bears were observed directly from April to July in 2013 and 2014, to visually recognize plant species consumed by bears, and to describe the foraging period in the Ashio-Nikko Mountains, central Japan. Leaves were collected from eight dominant tr...

We show that beta forms of Neu differentiation factor (NDF), homologous to acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity, glial growth factor, and heregulin, prevent apoptotic death and stimulate DNA synthesis of the E14 Schwann cell precursor, an early cell in the rat Schwann cell lineage. When precursors are exposed to NDF in defined medium, they generate Schwann cells without the requirement for ...

Diets with low forage concentration may depress feed intake and average daily gain, while diets with high forage concentration may limit feed intake due to rumen filling. Adequate forage level may range from 7% to 14% in ration for feedlot lambs, depending on forage source and ingredient composition. Small amounts of good quality forage may improve growth performance of sheep in the first stage...

Two lamb trials were conducted to determine the effects of particle length (PL; 2.5 vs 10 cm) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment (0 vs 4%) of wheat straw on dry matter (DM) intake and site and extent of DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion. Lambs in the first trial were fed ad libitum once daily. Lambs in the second trail were fed four t imes/d at 6-h intervals and were sacrificed ...

This research was conducted to determine the effect of corn genetics and cutting height on the composition and nutritive characteristics of corn silage. An in situ study involving eight commercially available corn hybrids indicated main effects and interactions (P < 0.01) of hybrid and cutting height on NDF, ADF, and starch content and on in situ DM and NDF degradablility. Four ruminally cannul...

Biomedical terminology and vocabulary standards play an important role in enabling consistent, comparable, and meaningful sharing of data within and across institutional boundaries, as well as ensuring semantic interoperability. The Veterans Affairs (VA) National Drug File Reference Terminology (NDF-RT) is a federally recommended standardized terminology resource encompassing medications, ingre...

Drug information sources use category labels to assist in navigating and organizing information. Some category labels describe drugs from multiple perspectives (e.g., both structure and function). The National Drug File - Reference Terminology (NDF RT) is a drug information source that augments a "legacy" categorization system with a formal reference model specifying Chemical Structure, Cellula...

Eight multiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 40 d in milk and 575 kg BW at the start of trial were in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square arrangement (28-d periods) to determine the effects of dietary nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) level and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AO) on intake, milk production, and nutrient digestibility. Treatments were 42 or 35% NFC and 0 or 3 g...

During 2006 and 2007, forages from 3 individual hay harvests were utilized to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on concentrations of fiber components, 48-h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD), and in situ disappearance kinetics of NDF for large-round bales of mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Over the 3 harvests, 96 large-round b...