The nudged elastic band (NEB) method, as a popular technique for studying reaction paths due to its efficiency, has not been extensively used in solid state physics because of the need to deal with the variation of the unit cell during solid–solid transformations. Here we present an extended technique— a variable-cell NEB (VC-NEB) technique combined with the ab initiomethod, implemented in the ...

The biological cycles of milk production and reproduction determine dairying profitability thus making management decisions dynamic and time-dependent. Diseases also negatively impact on net earnings of a dairy enterprise. Transition cows in particular face the challenge of negative energy balance (NEB) and/or disproportional energy metabolism (fatty liver, ketosis, subacute, acute ruminal acid...

mechanism proposed for the dominant electrochemical oxidation reaction. In NEB cells, the average ( SEM) quantal charge of secretory events during hypoxia was 33.1 2.4 fC [n 1⁄4 157 events from six cells, range 2.3–183 fC (Fig. 7)]. This value was obtained from the time integral of selected spikes with the fast-rising phase and slow decay typical of secretory events occurring at the membrane fa...

Greatwall is a protein kinase involved in the inhibition of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A)-B55 complexes to maintain the mitotic state. Although its biochemical activity has been deeply characterized in Xenopus, its specific relevance during the progression of mitosis is not fully understood. By using a conditional knockout of the mouse ortholog, Mastl, we show here that mammalian Greatwall is es...

The in vitro characterization of device-related parameters such as the rate of aerosol output, total aerosol output, particle size, and fine particle fraction, is essential when assessing the potential performance of a nebulizer or making comparisons with other nebulizers as they are indicative of potential clinical performance. This article reviews a number of in vitro studies designed to char...

The ability to accurately and easily locate sentinel lymph nodes (LNs) with noninvasive imaging methods would assist in tumor staging and patient management. For this purpose, we developed a lymphatic imaging agent by mixing fluorine-18 aluminum fluoride-labeled NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid)-conjugated truncated Evans blue ((18)F-AlF-NEB) and Evans blue (EB) dye. After ...

TO THE EDITOR: I would like to congratulate Adriaensen and colleagues for their excellent works that contribute to the detailed morphology of neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) (1–3). They form a structural basis for understanding NEB physiology. A very interesting thought proposed by the authors is that NEBs may be mechanosensors. To examine this issue, we injected flourescent dye into the nodose g...

Serotonin (5-HT) type 3 receptor (5-HT(3)-R) is a ligand-gated ion channel found primarily in the central and peripheral nervous system. We report expression and functional characterization of 5-HT(3)-R in pulmonary neuroepithelial body (NEB) cells. Using nonisotopic in situ hybridization, we demonstrate expression of 5-HT(3)-R mRNA in NEB cells in the lungs of different mammals (hamster, rabbi...

Purpose: Evans Blue (EB) is an azo dye that binds quantitatively with serum albumin. With an albumin binding, NOTA conjugated truncated Evan's blue (NEB) dye derived PET tracer, we aimed to establish a strategy for evaluating vascular permeability in malignant tumors via non-invasive PET. Experimental design: Sixty-minute dynamic PET using [18F]FAl-NEB was performed in three xenograft tumor mod...

The neuroepithelial body (NEB) is a highly dynamic structure that responds to chronic airway injury through hyperplasia of associated pulmonary neuroendocrine (PNE) cells. Although NEB dysplasia is correlated with preneoplastic conditions and PNE cells are thought to serve as a precursor for development of small cell lung carcinoma, mechanisms regulating expansion of the PNE cell population are...