The Drosophila gene sine oculis (so) is a nuclear homeoprotein, which is required for eye development. Several homologues of so have been found in vertebrates. We report here a detailed expression analysis in chick and mouse of Six9 (Optx2), a novel gene of the Six/sine oculis family closely related to Six3. Six9 (Optx2) is first expressed at presomitic stages in the head-fold, both in the neur...

The cellular interactions that control the differentiation of dorsal cell types from neural progenitors have been examined in neural plate explants. Certain genes that are expressed in the dorsal neural tube are initially expressed uniformly within the neural plate and appear to achieve their dorsal restriction through a Sonic hedgehog (SHH)-mediated repressive signal from the notochord. The ac...

Distinct cell types differentiate along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube. We have cloned and characterized a novel member of the TGF beta gene family, dorsalin-1 (dsl-1), that appears to regulate cell differentiation within the neural tube. dsl-1 is expressed selectively in the dorsal neural tube, and its pattern of expression appears to be restricted by early signals from the notochord...

The fate map of the early neural plate and neural fold has been established at the cephalic level by using the quail-chick marker system (Le Douarin, 1969,1973). The experimental design comprised the replacement of definite territories belonging to the neural plate and neural folds in the chick embryo by their counterparts from quail embryos at the same developmental stage. This technique is re...

The expression pattern described here is that of the chick BMP-1/Tolloid family of secreted metalloproteinases during early stages of development. BMP-1/Tolloid transcripts are expressed in the blastoderm, at gastrulation stages and as the neural plate forms and neural tube folds, BMP-1/Tolloid is found at the neural plate/ectodermal transition. Expression is maintained in the premigratory neur...

The dynamic expression patterns of the single amphioxus Distal-less homolog (AmphiDll) during development are consistent with successive roles of this gene in global regionalization of the ectoderm, establishment of the dorsoventral axis, specification of migratory epidermal cells early in neurulation and the specification of forebrain. Such a multiplicity of Distal-less functions probably repr...

Folate supplementation prevents up to 70% of neural tube defects (NTDs), which result from a failure of neural tube closure during embryogenesis. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying folate action has been challenging. This study introduces Xenopus laevis as a model to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in folate action during neural tube formation. We show that kn...

this article deals with the issues associated with developing a new design methodology for the nonlinear model-predictive control (mpc) of a chemical plant. a combination of multiple neural networks is selected and used to model a nonlinear multi-input multi-output (mimo) process with time delays.  an optimization procedure for a neural mpc algorithm based on this model is then developed. the p...

The License Plate Recognition (LPR) as one crucial part of intelligent traffic systems has been broadly investigated since the boosting of computer vision techniques. The motivation of this paper is to probe in plate number recognition which is an important part of traffic surveillance events. In this paper, locating the number plate is based on edge detection and recognizing the plate numbers ...