The interaction between neuroleptics and an anticholinergic, biperiden, in the antiavoidance, catalepsy and ptosis tests was investigated in mice for the purpose of predicting the extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptics. The cataleptic effect of most neuroleptics used was antagonized to some extent by biperiden, while the ptotic effect was hardly influenced. The antiavoidance effect of halo...

Serum growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) concentrations were measured after administration of the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine HC1 (0.75 mg subcutaneously), to 17 chronic schizophrenic patients, four of whom had an oral dyskinesia, who were withdrawn from chronic neuroleptic therapy for periods of two to 15 weeks, and in 21 control subjects (normal volunteers or physically health...

Tardive dystonia is a rare late-onset side effect of neuroleptics. This paper presents a prevalence study of 351 inpatients conducted in our hospital. Seven patients (2%) were found to suffer from this condition. The majority were found to be young and had received neuroleptics for a variable number of years before the onset of the dystonia. In general, treatment of this condition is disappoint...

There has been considerable debate regarding the safety of lithium and neuroleptics combination in patients. The resulting neurotoxicity causes persistent sequelae resulting in significant impairment when compared to the effects when lithium or neuroleptics are taken alone. This report describes the case of a 28-year old young man with bipolar disorder who developed residual neurological defici...

Neuroleptics penetrate into the brain, where they act not only on neurons but probably also on glial cells. In the available literature, there are no reports on the effect of neuroleptics on cytokine release in glia cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neuroleptics on the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-2) by mixed glial and microglial cell culture...

Anticholinergic drugs are frequently used in psychiatry for the prophylaxis and treatment of extrapiramidal symptoms caused by neuroleptics. Abuse of anticholinergic agents has been reported in patients with psychotic disorders, on treatment with neuroleptics, and polysubstance use disorders. We are reporting the case of a patient who presented with hypoactive delirium as a consequence of biper...