y In this paper we calculate the 2-primary v 1-periodic homotopy groups of the sym-plectic groups Sp(n). The proof utilizes new methods of calculating the unstable Novikov spectral sequence. One corollary is that some homotopy group of Sp(n) contains an element of order 2 2n?1. 1 Main theorem In this paper we calculate the 2-primary v 1-periodic homotopy groups of the sym-plectic groups Sp(n). ...

Homotopy And Simple Homotopy Theory Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that yo...

The theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is quite successful in the prediction and description of main features of multiparticle production processes at high energies. The general perturbative QCD approach to these processes (mainly to e + e −-annihilation) is briefly formulated and its problems are discussed. It is shown that the analytical calculations at the parton le...

Cofiltered diagrams of spectra, also called pro-spectra, have arisen in diverse areas, and to date have been treated in an ad hoc manner. The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a homotopy theory of pro-spectra and to study its relation to the usual homotopy theory of spectra, as a foundation for future applications. The surprising result we find is that our homotopy theory of pr...

We recalculate the pion electromagnetic form factor based on the pertur-bative QCD formalism that includes the Sudakov resummation. We take into account the evolution of the pion wave function in b, which represents the transverse extent of the pion. An infrared enhancement is observed when 1/b approaches Λ QCD. We propose to freeze the evolution of the wave function at some scale above Λ QCD ,...

The homotopy perturbation method is extremely accessible to non-mathematicians and engineers. The method decomposes a complex problem under study into a series of simple problems that are easy to be solved. This note gives an elementary introduction to the basic solution procedure of the homotopy perturbation method. Particular attention is paid to constructing a suitable homotopy equation. Thi...

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